Hypnos
Nella mitologia greca Hypnos (in greco antico: Ὕπνος), adattato in lingua italiana in Ipno, è il dio del sonno, figlio di Nyx e fratello gemello di Tanato.Il ruolo di Hypnos nel mito
Il potere di Ipno era tale che poteva addormentare uomini e numi. Nel XIV libro dell'Iliade Era lo prega di addormentare Zeus, affinché Poseidone possa portare aiuto ai Greci senza che il re degli dei lo venga a sapere.Omero, nell'Iliade, definisce Ipno e Tanato come gemelli (da qui la celebre locuzione latina consanguineus lethi sopor) e descrive come furono mandati da Zeus su richiesta di Apollo, per recuperare il corpo di Sarpedonte, ucciso da Patroclo, per portarlo in Licia per ricevere gli onori funebri.
| «Dall’alma il corpo, al dolce Sonno imponi Ed alla Morte, che alla licia gente Il portino. I fratelli ivi e gli amici L’onoreranno di funereo rito E di tomba e di cippo, alle defunte Anime forti onor supremo e caro. [...] D’immortal veste avvolgi: indi alla Morte Ed al Sonno gemelli fa precetto Che all’opime di Licia alme contrade» |
| (Omero, Iliade vv. 453-458 e 681-683) |
Fu Ipno a dare ad Endimione la facoltà di dormire ad occhi aperti.
Poteva inviare gli Oneiroi (i Sogni) dei quali i principali sono Morfeo, Momo, Fobetore (o Icelo), e Fantaso, suoi fratelli secondo Esiodo, suoi figli nel suo equivalente romano, Somnus, secondo Ovidio. Nel V libro dell'Eneide bagna con un ramo imbevuto di acque letee il volto del timoniere Palinuro, per assopirlo e farlo cadere in mare. Sempre al dio appartengono le Porte del Sonno, nel VI libro, all'uscita dell'Ade.
Simboli e attributi
Veniva rappresentato come un giovane nudo alato o con le ali sul capo, avente nella mano dei papaveri, fiore che condivideva col fratello Tanato e la madre Notte.Nella cultura popolare
- Hypnos è l'antagonista secondario del film Monkeybones,in cui regna su Morfeolandia (terra in cui vivono gli umani in coma e i personaggi di libri e fumetti) e vuole spargere,con l'aiuto di Monkeybones,un gas che fa venire gli incubi alle persone.
- Nel libro Percy Jackson-Lo Scontro Finale Hypnos (chiamato Morfeo) è uno degli dei minori alleatisi con i titani (insieme a Ecate e Nemesi)
Ipno
Hypnos (Somnus). Marble, Roman artwork, Hadrian period (117–138 CE).
Somnus
Somnus era il dio romano corrispondente a Hypnos per i greci. Era venerato come dio del sonno e padre dei sogni.Differenze rispetto al mito greco
Secondo Virgilio Somnus viveva nel vestibolo dell'Ade, per Ovidio nel lontano paese dei Cimmeri, dove riposava in una grotta mai raggiunta dalla luce. Invece Hypnos, secondo Omero, dimorava a Lemno, il quale attribuisce anche una moglie, Pasitea, una delle Cariti.Secondo Ovidio ebbe numerosi figli, i Sogni (Oneiroi), dei quali i principali sono Morfeo, Momo, Fobetore (o Icelo) e Fantaso. Invece gli Oneiroi greci, a partire da Esiodo, erano figli di Notte, dunque fratelli di Ipno. Anche secondo il romano Igino, sia il Sonno che i Sogni erano figli della Notte, ma tale autore è sempre stato particolarmente attento alle originali fonti greche.
Nel V libro dell'Eneide fa assopire il timoniere Palinuro per farlo cadere in mare, tuttavia il Somnuns romano si comporta più come il Morfeo greco, dai mutevoli travestimenti ed ingannatore, che assume l'aspetto benevolo del sonno e del sogno; analogamente nel I libro della Tebaide, oltre ad infondere il dolce sonno quale cura e oblio dei mali al pari di Hypnos, fa anche sopire ingannevolmente il buon custode perché venga ucciso.
Quando è indicata la sua origine, tutti i miti descrivono Somnus, al pari di Hypnos, come figlio della Notte, con eccezione nell'epistolario De feriis Alsiensibus di Frontone, dove viene generato da Giove.
Simboli e attributi
Veniva spesso rappresentato come un giovane nudo con le ali sul capo, oppure chiuse, avente nella mano dei papaveri, fiore che condivideva col fratello Mors/Tanato e la madre Notte. Tuttavia, il Somnus di Ovidio non è di giovane età.Per far assopire il timoniere Palinuro, nell'Eneide, utilizza un ramo imbevuto di acque letee. Sempre secondo l'Eneide, nel VI libro, al dio appartengono le Porte del Sonno all'uscita dell'Ade.
Nelle Silvae, l'insonne Papinio Stazio prega Somnus che venga anche solo toccato dalla sua bacchetta.
Continuazioni del mito
I miti su Somnus descritti nell'Eneide e nelle Metamorfosi sono stati ripresi e rivisitati fin dalla prima epoca imperiale; ad esempio Papinio Stazio, nelle Tebaide, riprende la visita di Iris a Somnus nelle Metamorfosi, come nel molto più tardo Semele di Händel, del XVIII secolo.Nel Somnium Scipionis di Cicerone il termine Somnus viene utilizzato per indicare il sonno, non la divinità; l'opera ebbe notevole successo in ambito neoplatonico e nelle critiche e commentariorum scritti nei secoli successivi tale termine è sporadicamente utilizzato per indicare anche la personificazione del sonno.
Somnus è un soggetto raramente ripreso nelle arti figurative, anche per via della maggiore notorietà di Ipno e di Morfeo.
Somnus (in primo piano a destra), rappresentato con la testa alata e semi di papavero nella mano sinistra, Museo romano, Augst, Svizzera
Somnus (Greek: Hypnos) with winged head poppy seed heads and a vessel. In the background Hercules. From the collection of the Roman Museum in Augst.
Hypnos
In Greek mythology, Hypnos (/ˈhɪpnɒs/; Greek: Ὕπνος, "sleep") is the personification of sleep; the Roman equivalent is known as Somnus.Description
In the Greek mythology, Hypnos is the son of Nyx ("The Night") and Erebus ("The Darkness"). His brother is Thanatos ("Death"). Both siblings live in the underworld (Hades) or in Erebus, another valley of the Greek underworld. According to rumors, Hypnos lives in a big cave, which the river Lethe ("Forgetfulness") comes from and where night and day meet. His bed is made of ebony, on the entrance of the cave grow a number of poppies and other hypnotic plants. No light and no sound would ever enter his grotto. According to Homer, he lives on the island Lemnos, which later on has been claimed to be his very own dream-island. His children Morpheus ("Shape"), Phobetor ("Fear") and Phantasos ("Imagination, Fantasy") are the gods of the dream. It is claimed that he has many more children, which are also Oneiroi. He is said to be a calm and gentle god, as he helps humans in need and, due to their sleep, owns half of their lives.Family
Hypnos lived next to his twin brother, Thanatos (Θάνατος, "death personified") in the underworld.Hypnos' mother was Nyx (Νύξ, "Night"), the deity of Night, and his father was Erebus, the deity of Darkness. Nyx was a dreadful and powerful goddess, and even Zeus feared to enter her realm.
His wife, Pasithea, was one of the youngest of the Graces and was promised to him by Hera, who is the goddess of marriage and birth. Pasithea is the deity of hallucination or relaxation.
Hypnos' three brothers (according to Hesiod and Hyginus) or sons (according to Ovid) were known as the Oneiroi, which is Greek for "dreams." Morpheus is the Winged God of Dreams and can take human form in dreams. Phobetor is the personification of nightmares and created frightening dreams, he could take the shape of any animal including bears and tigers. Phantasos was known for creating fake dreams full of illusions. Morpheus, Phobetor, and Phantasos appeared in the dreams of kings. The Oneiroi lived in a cave at the shores of the Ocean in the West. The cave had two gates with which to send people dreams; one made from ivory and the other from buckhorn. However, before they could do their work and send out the dreams, first Hypnos had to put the recipient to sleep.
Hypnos in the Iliad
Hypnos used his powers to trick Zeus. Hypnos was able to trick him and help the Danaans win the Trojan war. During the war, Hera loathed her brother and husband, Zeus, so she devised a plot to trick him. She decided that in order to trick him she needed to make him so enamoured with her that he would fall for the trick. So she washed herself with ambrosia and anointed herself with oil, made especially for her to make herself impossible to resist for Zeus. She wove flowers through her hair, put on three brilliant pendants for earrings, and donned a wondrous robe. She then called for Aphrodite, the goddess of love, and asked her for a charm that would ensure that her trick would not fail. In order to procure the charm, however, she lied to Aphrodite because they sided on opposites sides of the war. She told Aphrodite that she wanted the charm to help herself and Zeus stop fighting. Aphrodite willingly agreed. Hera was almost ready to trick Zeus, but she needed the help of Hypnos, who had tricked Zeus once before.Hera called on Hypnos and asked him to help her by putting Zeus to sleep. Hypnos was reluctant because the last time he had put the god to sleep, he was furious when he awoke. It was Hera who had asked him to trick Zeus the first time as well. She was furious that Heracles, Zeus' son, sacked the city of the Trojans. So she had Hypnos put Zeus to sleep, and set blasts of angry winds upon the sea while Heracles was still sailing home. When Zeus awoke he was furious and went on a rampage looking for Hypnos. Hypnos managed to avoid Zeus by hiding with his mother, Nyx. This made Hypnos reluctant to accept Hera's proposal and help her trick Zeus again. Hera first offered him a beautiful golden seat that can never fall apart and a footstool to go with it. He refused this first offer, remembering the last time he tricked Zeus. Hera finally got him to agree by promising that he would be married to Pasithea, one of the youngest Graces, whom he had always wanted to marry. Hypnos made her swear by the river Styx and call on gods of the underworld to be witnesses so that he would be ensured that he would marry Pasithea.
Hera went to see Zeus on Gargarus, the topmost peak of Mount Ida. Zeus was extremely taken by her and suspected nothing as Hypnos was shrouded in a thick mist and hidden upon a pine tree that was close to where Hera and Zeus were talking. Zeus asked Hera what she was doing there and why she had come from Olympus, and she told him the same lie she told Aphrodite. She told him that she wanted to go help her parent stop quarrelling and she stopped there to consult him because she didn't want to go without his knowledge and have him be angry with her when he found out. Zeus said that she could go any time, and that she should postpone her visit and stay there with him so they could enjoy each other's company. He told her that he was never in love with anyone as much as he loved her at that moment. He took her in his embrace and Hypnos went to work putting him to sleep, with Hera in his arms. While this went on, Hypnos travelled to the ships of the Achaeans to tell Poseidon, God of the Sea, that he could now help the Danaans and give them a victory while Zeus was sleeping. This is where Hypnos leaves the story, leaving Poseidon eager to help the Danaans. Thanks to Hypnos helping to trick Zeus, the war changed its course to Hera's favour, and Zeus never found out that Hypnos had tricked him one more time.
Hypnos in Endymion myth
According to a passage in Deipnosophistae, the sophist and dithyrambic poet Licymnius of Chios tells a different tale about the Endymion myth, in which Hypnos, in awe of his beauty, causes him to sleep with his eyes open, so he can fully admire his face.Hypnos in art
Hypnos appears in numerous works of art, most of which are vases. An example of one vase that Hypnos is featured on is called "Ariadne Abandoned by Theseus," which is part of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston’s collection. In this vase, Hypnos is shown as a winged god dripping Lethean water upon the head of Ariadne as she sleeps. One of the most famous works of art featuring Hypnos is a bronze head of Hypnos himself, now kept in the British Museum in London. This bronze head has wings sprouting from his temples and the hair is elaborately arranged, some tying in knots and some hanging freely from his head.Words derived from Hypnos
The English word "hypnosis" is derived from his name, referring to the fact that when hypnotized, a person is put into a sleep-like state (hypnos "sleep" + -osis "condition"). The class of medicines known as "hypnotics" which induce sleep also take their name from Hypnos.Additionally, the English word "insomnia" comes from the name of his Latin counterpart, Somnus. (in- "not" + somnus "sleep"), as well as a few less-common words such as "somnolent", meaning sleepy or tending to cause sleep and hypersomnia meaning excessive sleep, which can be caused by many conditions (known as secondary hypersomnia) or a rare sleep disorder causing excessive sleep with unknown cause, called Idiopathic Hypersomnia.
Ipno e Tanato trasportano il corpo di Sarpedonte, da una lekythos a fondo bianco del Pittore di Thanatos (ca. 460 a.C.) al British Museum, Londra.
Hypnos
and Thanatos carrying the body of Sarpedon from the battlefield of
Troy. Detail from an Attic white-ground lekythos, ca. 440 BC.
Iris desta il pigro Somnus, in Metamorfosi di Ovidio, illustrazione di Virgil Solis, Francoforte, 1581
Iris visits the Sleep. Engraving by Virgil Solis for Ovid's Metamorphoses Book XI, 583-649. Fol. 148r, image 11.
Waterhouse-sleep and his half-brother death-1874
Kupferstich (1795) von Tommaso Piroli (1752 – 1824) nach einer Zeichnung (1793) von John Flaxman (1755 – 1826).
Hypnos
Kupferstich (1795) von Tommaso Piroli (1752 – 1824) nach einer Zeichnung (1793) von John Flaxman (1755 – 1826).
Hypnos
Somnus
Sarcofago con hypnos dormiente su una pelle di leone, III secolo. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Aquileia.
Smite Concept - Somnus, God of Sleep (New) by Kaiology
Youth of the Hypnos type. Bronze statuette, Roman copy of the Imperial Era (1st–2nd centuries AD) after a Late Hellenistic type.
Hypnos carried by his mother Nyx
“Divine Hypnos, god who knows no pain,
Hypnos, stranger to anguish,
come in favor to us, come happy,
and giving happiness, great King!
Keep before his eyes such light as is spread before them now.
Come to him, I pray you, come with power to heal!”
Hypnos, stranger to anguish,
come in favor to us, come happy,
and giving happiness, great King!
Keep before his eyes such light as is spread before them now.
Come to him, I pray you, come with power to heal!”
Sophocles, Philoctetes (409 B.C.)
Somnus, Nahl
“O, Hypnos,
divine repose of all things!
Gentlest of the deities!
Peace to the troubled mind,
from which you drive the cares of life.
Restorer of men’s strength
when wearied with the toils of day.”
divine repose of all things!
Gentlest of the deities!
Peace to the troubled mind,
from which you drive the cares of life.
Restorer of men’s strength
when wearied with the toils of day.”
Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book XI (1 A.D.)
Sleeping putto with skull, probably Netherlands, 1600s, ivory - Museum Schnütgen - Cologne, Germany
The House of Somnus
Near the Cymmerians, in his dark abode,
Deep in a cavern, dwells the drowzy God;
Whose gloomy mansion nor the rising sun,
Nor setting, visits, nor the lightsome noon;
But lazy vapours round the region fly,
Perpetual twilight, and a doubtful sky:
No crowing cock does there his wings display,
Nor with his horny bill provoke the day;
Nor watchful dogs, nor the more wakeful geese,
Disturb with nightly noise the sacred peace;
Nor beast of Nature, nor the tame are nigh,
Nor trees with tempests rock’d, nor human cry;
But safe repose without an air of breath
Dwells here, and a dumb quiet next to death.
Deep in a cavern, dwells the drowzy God;
Whose gloomy mansion nor the rising sun,
Nor setting, visits, nor the lightsome noon;
But lazy vapours round the region fly,
Perpetual twilight, and a doubtful sky:
No crowing cock does there his wings display,
Nor with his horny bill provoke the day;
Nor watchful dogs, nor the more wakeful geese,
Disturb with nightly noise the sacred peace;
Nor beast of Nature, nor the tame are nigh,
Nor trees with tempests rock’d, nor human cry;
But safe repose without an air of breath
Dwells here, and a dumb quiet next to death.
An arm of Lethe, with a gentle flow
Arising upwards from the rock below,
The palace moats, and o’er the pebbles creeps,
And with soft murmurs calls the coming sleeps.
Around its entry nodding poppies grow,
And all cool simples that sweet rest bestow;
Night from the plants their sleepy virtue drains,
And passing, sheds it on the silent plains:
No door there was th’ unguarded house to keep,
On creaking hinges turn’d, to break his sleep.
Arising upwards from the rock below,
The palace moats, and o’er the pebbles creeps,
And with soft murmurs calls the coming sleeps.
Around its entry nodding poppies grow,
And all cool simples that sweet rest bestow;
Night from the plants their sleepy virtue drains,
And passing, sheds it on the silent plains:
No door there was th’ unguarded house to keep,
On creaking hinges turn’d, to break his sleep.
But in the gloomy court was rais’d a bed,
Stuff’d with black plumes, and on an ebon-sted:
Black was the cov’ring too, where lay the God,
And slept supine, his limbs display’d abroad:
About his head fantastick visions fly,
Which various images of things supply,
And mock their forms; the leaves on trees not more,
Nor bearded ears in fields, nor sands upon the shore.
Stuff’d with black plumes, and on an ebon-sted:
Black was the cov’ring too, where lay the God,
And slept supine, his limbs display’d abroad:
About his head fantastick visions fly,
Which various images of things supply,
And mock their forms; the leaves on trees not more,
Nor bearded ears in fields, nor sands upon the shore.
Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book XI (1 A.D.)
HYPNOS
La Mythologie, Hypnos (or Endymion)
Salvador Dalí, etching, 1963
The Salvador Dalí Society
Salvador Dalí, etching, 1963
The Salvador Dalí Society
Wilhelm von Gloeden (1856–1931), Hypnos. Numero di catalogo: 1744. Il titolo ("Sonno", in greco) allude al fatto che il ragazzo tiene in mano due fiori di Brugmansia (la "datura"), dall'effetto ipnotico e allucinogeno.
SOMNUS, or SLEEP, one of the blessings to which the pagans erected altars, was said to be son of Erĕbus and Night, and brother of Death. Orpheus calls Somnus the happy king of gods and men; and Ovid, who gives a very beautiful description of his abode, represents him dwelling in a deep cave in the country of the Cimmerians. Into this cavern the sun never enters, and a perpetual stillness reigns, no noise being heard but the soft murmur caused by a stream of the river Lethe, which creeps over the pebbles, and invites to slumber; at its entrance grow poppies, and other soporiferous herbs. The drowsy god lies reclined on a bed stuffed with black plumes, the bedstead is of ebony, the covering is also black, and his head is surrounded by fantastic visions.
-- Charles K. Dillaway, Roman Antiquities, and Ancient Mythology for Classical Schools (2nd ed)
Hypnos, The God of Sleep I
Simeon Solomon, date unknown
Image credit Simeon Solomon Research Archive.
Statue des Hypnos
Madrid(O) / Comunidad de Madrid, Museo Nacional del Prado
Heracles, Alcyoneus and Hypnus, Athenian black-figure lekythos C6th B.C., Toledo Museum of Art
Hypnos, The God of Sleep II
Simeon Solomon, red chalk on paper, 1892
Image credit Sotheby's auction house.
Simeon Solomon, red chalk on paper, 1892
Image credit Sotheby's auction house.
Hypnos con corno e liquido soporifero, copia romana da orig. greco del IV-III sec.
Ancient Roman bronze statuettes in the Museo archeologico nazionale (Florence)
Heracles, Alcyoneus, Hypnos and Athena, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., National Gallery of Victoria
Hypnos
Artist unknown
Image from article: Hypnos, God of Sleep
Anesthesiology: Anesthesiology Reflections From The Wood Library-Museum
August 2013 - Volume 119 - Issue 2 - p 255
Artist unknown
Image from article: Hypnos, God of Sleep
Anesthesiology: Anesthesiology Reflections From The Wood Library-Museum
August 2013 - Volume 119 - Issue 2 - p 255
Johann Heinrich Füssli
Alcyoneus and Hypnus god of sleep, Athenian red-figure krater C5th B.C., The J. Paul Getty Museum
Head of Hypnos
Fernand Khnopff, bronze 1897
Originally displayed at Villa Khnopff.
Image courtesy ArtMagick.
Fernand Khnopff, bronze 1897
Originally displayed at Villa Khnopff.
Image courtesy ArtMagick.
Luca Giordano
Theseus, Ariadne and Hypnos, Apulian red-figure stamnos C4th B.C., Museum of Fine Arts Boston
Mr.Hypnorio
The Realm of Hypnos
“Morpheus alights to waken the dreamer as Hypnos
orchestrates the dream in the crystal ball he holds.”
Elsie Russell, 1995
Image from The Works of Elsie Russell
“Morpheus alights to waken the dreamer as Hypnos
orchestrates the dream in the crystal ball he holds.”
Elsie Russell, 1995
Image from The Works of Elsie Russell
Sepultura de Pedro Enríquez. Detalle. Génova, 1522. Obra de Antonio María Aprile de Carona. Una revolución en el arte sevillano.
HYPNOS- God of Sleep by SamiaEscorcio
Hypnos 3 by Italian artist Beatrice Riva
Hypnos - relief by Johann Gottfried Schadow for a side panel on the tomb of Count Alexander von der Mark.
tra il 1788 e il 1789 date
Plate 60: The House of Sleep
Bernard Picart, 1731
From The temple of the Muses, or, The principal histories
of fabulous antiquity: represented in sixty sculptures.
Bernard Picart, 1731
From The temple of the Muses, or, The principal histories
of fabulous antiquity: represented in sixty sculptures.
 |
Sleep and Death, the Children of the Night - Evelyn de Morgan (1883)
YouTube
Golden God Hypnos by MurrueMioria
Golden God Hypnos by MurrueMioria
hypnos god of slept
YouTube Premium
Iris domum Somni adit, Solatura Halcyonem
(Iris visits the House of Sleep)
Johann Whilhelm Baur, 1639
Ovid's Metamorphoses at The Ovid Project
(Iris visits the House of Sleep)
Johann Whilhelm Baur, 1639
Ovid's Metamorphoses at The Ovid Project
Large black basalt figure of a nude, sleeping infant representing Somnus, God of Sleep, son of Night and twin brother of Death
Golden God Hypnos by MurrueMioriaGolden God Hypnos by MurrueMioriahypnos god of slept
Hypnos - God of Sleep by SurugaMonkey
Hypnos, God of Sleep by TFfan234
Hypnos
Hypnos | Brian MacGregor
Hypnos
Painting, 27x44x2 cm
©2018 by Claire McInnerny
God Hypnos peaceful good nights sleep spell. Instant relaxation spell. Powerful
God of sleep ~ Hypnos by KurosakiSasori-kun
Sculpture, 21 H x 12 W x 6 in
Ian Rank-Broadley
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