David Andrade
David Alfred Andrade (April 30, 1859 — May 23, 1928) was an Australian individualist and free market anarchist.Biography
His parents were Abraham Da Costa Andrade y Maria Giles, both from Middlesex, England. His brother William Charles Andrade was an anarchist too. They were active in Joseph Symes's Australasian Secular Association.In May 1886, David Andrade, his brother Will and half a dozen others formed the Melbourne Anarchist Club (MAC), the first anarchist organisation in Australia. Andrade became the MAC secretary and one of its main propagandists.
The MAC produced the journal Honesty, an Australian organ of anarchism which had substantially the same principles as those championed by Benjamin Tucker's Liberty. In a news agency at Brunswick, now an inner suburb of Melbourne, and later in Liberty Hall, Russell St. Melbourne the brothers operated the first anarchist book shops in Australia.
Andrade's main works include Money: a study of the currency question (1887), Our Social System (n.d.), An Anarchist Plan of Campaign (1888), and The Melbourne Riots and how Harry Holdfast and his Friends Emancipated the Workers (1892).
In the early 1890s, Andrade was the secretary of the Unemployed Workers Association.
Andrade explains, "We are ruled by a lot of robbers. Our legislators are more degraded than a person who abuses a woman or a child and I have no confidence in them."
Andrade was burnt out in the disastrous 1898 fires. He appears to have been financially ruined by this. In 1903, he was committed to the Yarra Bend Asylum and died in 1928 at the Ballarat Mental Asylum.
Andrade adds, "Socialism is a matter of justice. It acknowledges the rights of the poor to dignity and self determination, promulgating co-operation as the cure for the wrongs of capitalism."
Andrade spiega, "Siamo governati da un sacco di ladri. I nostri legislatori sono più degradata di una persona che abusa di una donna o un bambino e non ho fiducia in loro."
Andrade aggiunge: "Il socialismo è una questione di giustizia. Si riconosce i diritti dei poveri alla dignità e autodeterminazione, promulgando cooperazione come la cura per i torti del capitalismo."
David Alfred Andrade (1859-1928), and William Charles
Andrade (1863-1939), anarchists and booksellers, were born at
Collingwood, Victoria, sons of Abraham Da Costa Andrade, storekeeper,
and his wife Maria, née Giles, both from Middlesex, England. David was
born on 30 April 1859 and William on 12 October 1863. William had to
leave school early, studying at night after working long hours in a
drapery shop. Both brothers were active in Joseph Symes's
Australasian Secular Association, but their increasing advocacy of
anarchist theory led to tension within that primarily freethought
society. In May 1886, they helped to form the Melbourne Anarchists'
Club: author of its 'Prospectus', David was elected secretary, and was
also chief organizer and theoretician. Via the American periodical, Liberty,
he developed a commitment to Proudhonist anarchism, a libertarian
doctrine of individual emancipation (in his case consciously
artisan-orientated) rather than mass revolution.
David set up as a bookseller, stationer, newsagent and printer at North Brunswick and later at his 'Liberty Hall' in Russell Street, Melbourne. An active speaker, he was also founder of the Melbourne Co-operative No. 1, a workshop at Albert Park. He contributed news and theoretical items to overseas anarchist papers, but his more significant works were published locally: Money: A Study of the Currency Question (1887); Our Social System (n.d.); An Anarchist Plan of Campaign (1888); and a utopian novel, The Melbourne Riots and How Harry Holdfast and his Friends Emancipated the Workers (1892).
When the Anarchist Club dissolved in 1888, David sought unsuccessfully to revive the Sunday Free Discussion Society. In the early 1890s he became secretary to the Unemployed Workers' Association in Richmond, concerned to encourage co-operative production and assist in land settlement, themes which had been central to his novel. He turned to the South Sassafras village settlement when, in 1894, business failure reduced him to near destitution, and became a '10-acre selector', storekeeper and mailman. His later years are obscure. He died in hospital at Wendouree on 23 May 1928 and was buried in St Kilda cemetery.
By 1887 Will had moved to Sydney with his wife Emma Louisa, née Wickham, whom he had married at the Richmond registry office on 3 February 1886. He represented the Anarchists' Club at the Australasian Freethought Conference in Sydney, staying there to become a 'dealer in progressive works'. He did not succeed in establishing an anarchists' club and sought to influence the newly formed Australian Socialist League. After some time in Mackay, Queensland, he returned to Melbourne, set up in a grocery business and became interested in acting. In 1898 he started a bookshop at 201 Bourke Street, moving in the late 1920s to Swanston Street. Andrade stocked mainly theatrical and conjuring books and supplies, but his shop also became a significant propaganda and organizing centre for emergent socialist groups throughout Australasia. His imports of radical literature ordered by left-wing groups were detained several times during World War I, but an intelligence report vouched for his 'good character'. He was an active anti-conscriptionist but later withdrew from political activity, though still radical in outlook. Through Percy Laidler, manager of the bookshop until the late 1920s, Andrade's published the first Australian editions in translation of several of Lenin's works.
In 1920 Andrade moved to Sydney, opening a branch in Central Square, later transferring to 173 Pitt Street. His first wife had died in Melbourne in 1894 and on 6 September 1907 at North Sydney he married Hilda Champion Sinclair with Unitarian rites; their only son later managed the Melbourne business. Andrade made three trips to Europe between 1910 and 1935; in 1910 he also visited the United States of America. He was surfing at South Steyne beach on 11 November 1939 when a dumper flung him into shallow water; he died at Manly District Hospital half an hour later, survived by his wife, their son, and two daughters of his first marriage.
David set up as a bookseller, stationer, newsagent and printer at North Brunswick and later at his 'Liberty Hall' in Russell Street, Melbourne. An active speaker, he was also founder of the Melbourne Co-operative No. 1, a workshop at Albert Park. He contributed news and theoretical items to overseas anarchist papers, but his more significant works were published locally: Money: A Study of the Currency Question (1887); Our Social System (n.d.); An Anarchist Plan of Campaign (1888); and a utopian novel, The Melbourne Riots and How Harry Holdfast and his Friends Emancipated the Workers (1892).
When the Anarchist Club dissolved in 1888, David sought unsuccessfully to revive the Sunday Free Discussion Society. In the early 1890s he became secretary to the Unemployed Workers' Association in Richmond, concerned to encourage co-operative production and assist in land settlement, themes which had been central to his novel. He turned to the South Sassafras village settlement when, in 1894, business failure reduced him to near destitution, and became a '10-acre selector', storekeeper and mailman. His later years are obscure. He died in hospital at Wendouree on 23 May 1928 and was buried in St Kilda cemetery.
By 1887 Will had moved to Sydney with his wife Emma Louisa, née Wickham, whom he had married at the Richmond registry office on 3 February 1886. He represented the Anarchists' Club at the Australasian Freethought Conference in Sydney, staying there to become a 'dealer in progressive works'. He did not succeed in establishing an anarchists' club and sought to influence the newly formed Australian Socialist League. After some time in Mackay, Queensland, he returned to Melbourne, set up in a grocery business and became interested in acting. In 1898 he started a bookshop at 201 Bourke Street, moving in the late 1920s to Swanston Street. Andrade stocked mainly theatrical and conjuring books and supplies, but his shop also became a significant propaganda and organizing centre for emergent socialist groups throughout Australasia. His imports of radical literature ordered by left-wing groups were detained several times during World War I, but an intelligence report vouched for his 'good character'. He was an active anti-conscriptionist but later withdrew from political activity, though still radical in outlook. Through Percy Laidler, manager of the bookshop until the late 1920s, Andrade's published the first Australian editions in translation of several of Lenin's works.
In 1920 Andrade moved to Sydney, opening a branch in Central Square, later transferring to 173 Pitt Street. His first wife had died in Melbourne in 1894 and on 6 September 1907 at North Sydney he married Hilda Champion Sinclair with Unitarian rites; their only son later managed the Melbourne business. Andrade made three trips to Europe between 1910 and 1935; in 1910 he also visited the United States of America. He was surfing at South Steyne beach on 11 November 1939 when a dumper flung him into shallow water; he died at Manly District Hospital half an hour later, survived by his wife, their son, and two daughters of his first marriage.
Available writings by David Andrade
From 'A Reader of Australian Anarchism 1886-1896 .... edited by Bob James- 'What Is Anarchy', D.A. Andrade, in Liberty (Boston) May 28, 1887 (extract)
- 'Melbourne Anarchist Club Manifesto', D.A. Andrade, May 1886
- Editorial, 'The Jubilee', (probably D.A. Andrade), 'Honesty', June, 1887
- 'An Anarchist Plan of Campaign', D.A. Andrade, November, 1888
- Anarchy....David Andrade in Honesty, Melbourne, February, 1889.
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