Nemesi
Nemesi (Nέμεσις, Némesis) è una dea della mitologia greca, secondo alcuni figlia di Zeus, secondo altri figlia di Oceano e Notte e poi posseduta dallo stesso Zeus nel tempio di Ramnunte: genera un uovo che viene raccolto e consegnato a Leda e da cui usciranno Elena e i Dioscuri.Il nome deriva dal greco νέμεσις (némesis), νέμω (némō, "distribuire"), dalla radice indoeuropea nem- nella mitologia greca, e fu il nome della dea "Distribuzione della Giustizia"; la giustizia intesa come codice giuridico era invece attribuita alla dea Diche.
Nemesi provvedeva soprattutto a metter giustizia ai delitti irrisolti o impuniti, distribuendo e irrogando gioia o dolore a seconda di quanto era giusto, perseguitando soprattutto i malvagi e gli ingrati alla sorte.
Non esiste una dea corrispettiva nella Religione romana che invece ereditò l'ora Diche come dea della giurisdizione, l'attuale Iustitia con la benda sugli occhi e la bilancia in mano, tuttavia i Romani dedicarono a Nemesi un'ara sul Campidoglio dove i soldati erano soliti deporre una spada prima di partire per la guerra.
Significato
Nemesi significa distribuzione del Fato, intesa come Giustizia Compensatrice o Riparatrice, o è interpretata come Giustizia Divina. Oggi questo termine si usa anche per intendere una situazione negativa che giunge immediatamente dopo un periodo particolarmente fortunato, sempre come atto predestinato alla compensazione. L'idea che soggiace a questo termine è di un mondo che risponde a una legge di armonia, per cui il bene deve essere compensato dal male in egual misura.In letteratura e filosofia il termine fu usato anche col significato di sdegno, indignazione da Omero (Odissea) e Aristotele (nell'Etica Nicomachea) e col significato di vendetta/castigo da scrittori come Erodoto, Claudio Eliano (Varia historia) e Plutarco.
| (GRC) «Nέμεσις δέ μοι εξ ανθρώπων έσσεται (Némesis dé moi ex anthrópon éssetai)» | (IT) «E io ne avrò biasimo dagli uomini» |
| (Omero, Odissea 2, 136) |
In astronomia, secondo una curiosa ipotesi, è il nome che fu dato alla stella Nemesis, la presunta sorella del nostro Sole.
Nell'immaginario collettivo la parola nemesi viene attribuita al "cattivo per eccellenza", o anche "cattivo per antonomasia", che rappresenta in maniera distorta, ma perfettamente speculare, l'eroe della storia. A differenza del classico cattivo, la nemesi di un personaggio rappresenta il lato oscuro del protagonista della storia, creando un legame ambiguo con lo stesso che finisce quindi per impreziosire le storie che li vedono insieme. Un esempio è il rapporto malsano che c'è tra Batman e Joker, personaggi della DC Comics.
Influenza culturale
- Nemesis in astronomia è sia il nome di un asteroide, sia il nome dell'ipotetica stella alter ego del nostro Sole.
- Nemesi è il titolo di un libro di Philip Roth edito dalla Einaudi nel 2011.
- Miss Marple: Nemesi, scritto da Agatha Christie nel 1971, è il numero 1239 della collana di romanzi gialli denominata Il Giallo Mondadori.
- Nemesi è il titolo di un giallo scritto dal norvegese Jo Nesbø nel 2002 e tradotto in italiano da Piemme nel 2010.
- Nemesis è il titolo di un romanzo di fantascienza di Isaac Asimov; il significato assunto in questo contesto è quello di distruzione, punizione divina.
- Nemesis è il titolo di un album del 2013 della band power metal Stratovarius.
- A Nemesi sono intitolate le Nemesis Tesserae su Venere.
- Nemesis è una divinità giocabile facente parte del Pantheon greco nel videogioco di genere MOBA Smite.
- Nemesis appare nel videogioco di genere horror Resident Evil come avversario.
- Star Trek - La nemesi è il titolo di un film di fantascienza del 2002.
- Nemesi è un film thriller del 2016.
Nemesis, statue dedicated by Ptollanubis. Marble, found in Egypt, 2nd century AD.
Statue Nemesis Louvre
Nemesis
In ancient Greek religion, Nemesis (/ˈnɛməsɪs/; Ancient Greek: Νέμεσις), also called Rhamnousia or Rhamnusia ("the goddess of Rhamnous"), is the goddess who enacts retribution against those who succumb to hubris (arrogance before the gods). Another name is Adrasteia or Adrestia, meaning "the inescapable".Etymology
The name Nemesis is related to the Greek word νέμειν némein, meaning "to give what is due", from Proto-Indo-European nem- "distribute".Origin
Divine retribution is a major theme in the Hellenic world view, providing the unifying theme of the tragedies of Sophocles and many other literary works. Hesiod states: "Also deadly Nyx bore Nemesis an affliction to mortals subject to death" (Theogony, 223, though perhaps an interpolated line). Nemesis appears in a still more concrete form in a fragment of the epic Cypria.She is implacable justice: that of Zeus in the Olympian scheme of things, although it is clear she existed prior to him, as her images look similar to several other goddesses, such as Cybele, Rhea, Demeter, and Artemis.
As the "Goddess of Rhamnous", Nemesis was honoured and placated in an archaic sanctuary in the isolated district of Rhamnous, in northeastern Attica. There she was a daughter of Oceanus, the primaeval river-ocean that encircles the world. Pausanias noted her iconic statue there. It included a crown of stags and little Nikes and was made by Pheidias after the Battle of Marathon (490 BC), crafted from a block of Parian marble brought by the overconfident Persians, who had intended to make a memorial stele after their expected victory. Her cult may have originated at Smyrna.
She is portrayed as a winged goddess wielding a whip or a dagger.
The poet Mesomedes wrote a hymn to Nemesis in the early second century AD, where he addressed her:
Nemesis, winged balancer of life, dark-faced goddess, daughter of Justiceand mentioned her "adamantine bridles" that restrain "the frivolous insolences of mortals".
In early times the representations of Nemesis resembled Aphrodite, who sometimes bears the epithet Nemesis.[citation needed]
Later, as the maiden goddess of proportion and the avenger of crime, she has as attributes a measuring rod (tally stick), a bridle, scales, a sword, and a scourge, and she rides in a chariot drawn by griffins.
Fortune and retribution
The word Nemesis originally meant the distributor of fortune, neither good nor bad, simply in due proportion to each according to what was deserved.[citation needed] Later, nemesis came to suggest the resentment caused by any disturbance of this right proportion, the sense of justice that could not allow it to pass unpunished.[citation needed]O. Gruppe (1906) and others connect the name with "to feel just resentment". From the fourth century onward, Nemesis, as the just balancer of Fortune's chance, could be associated with Tyche.
In the Greek tragedies Nemesis appears chiefly as the avenger of crime and the punisher of hubris, and as such is akin to Atë and the Erinyes. She was sometimes called "Adrasteia", probably meaning "one from whom there is no escape"; her epithet Erinys ("implacable") is specially applied to Demeter and the Phrygian mother goddess, Cybele.
Family
Nemesis has been described as the daughter of Oceanus or Zeus, but according to Hyginus she was a child of Erebus and Nyx. She has also been described, by Hesiod, as the daughter of Nyx alone. In the Theogony, Nemesis is the sister of the Moirai (the Fates), the Keres (Black Fates), the Oneiroi (Dreams), Eris (Discord) and Apate (Deception)Progeny
Helen
In some metaphysical mythology, Nemesis produced the egg from which hatched two sets of twins: Helen of Troy and Clytemnestra, and the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux. While many myths indicate Zeus and Leda to be the parents of Helen of Troy, the author of the compilation of myth called Bibliotheke notes the possibility of Nemesis being the mother of Helen. Nemesis, to avoid Zeus, turns into a goose, but he turns into a swan and mates with her. Nemesis in her bird form lays an egg that is discovered in the marshes by a shepherd, who passes the egg to Leda. It is in this way that Leda comes to be the mother of Helen of Troy, as she kept the egg in a chest until it hatched.- Stasinus of Cyprus or Hegesias of Aegina, Cypria Fragment 8 (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th or C6th B.C.) :
Rich-haired Nemesis gave birth to her [Helene (Helen)] when she had been joined in love with Zeus the king of the gods by harsh violence. For Nemesis tried to escape him and liked not to lie in love with her father Zeus the son of Kronos (Cronus); for shame and indignation vexed her heart: therefore she fled him over the land and fruitless dark sea. But Zeus ever pursued and longed in his heart to catch her. Now she took the form of a fish and sped over the waves of the loud-roaring sea, and now over Okeanos' (Oceanus') stream and the furthest bounds of Earth, and now she sped over the furrowed land, always turning into such dread creatures as the dry land nurtures, that she might escape him.
- Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 127 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
Nemesis, as she fled from Zeus' embrace, took the form of a goose; whereupon Zeus as a swan had intercourse with her. From this union, she laid an egg, which some herdsman found among the trees and handed over to Lede (Leda). She kept it in a box, and when Helene was hatched after the proper length of time, she reared her as her own.
- Pausanias, Description of Greece 1. 33. 4 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
I will now go on to describe what is figures on the pedestal of the statue [of Nemesis at Rhamnos], having made this preface for the sake of clearness. The Greeks say that Nemesis was the mother of Helene (Helen), while Leda suckled and nursed her. The father of Helene the Greeks like everybody else hold to be not Tyndareos (Tyndareus) but Zeus. Having heard this legend [the sculptor] Pheidias has represented Helene as being led to Nemesis by Leda, and he has represented Tyndareos and his children.
- Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 8 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
Constellation Swan (Cygnus). When Jupiter [Zeus], moved by desire, had begun to love Nemesis, and couldn't persuade her to lie with him, he relieved his passion by the following plan. He bade Venus Aphrodite, in the form of an eagle, pursue him; he, changed to a swan as if in flight from the eagle, took refuge with Nemesis and lighted in her lap. Nemesis did not thrust him away, but holding him in her arms, fell into a deep sleep. While she slept, Jupiter [Zeus] embraced her and then flew away. Because he was seen by men flying high in the sky, they said he was put in the stars. To make this really true, Jupiter put the swan flying and the eagle pursuing in the sky. But Nemesis, as if wedded to the tribe of birds, when her months were ended, bore an egg. Mercurius (Mercury) Hermes took it away and carried it to Sparta and threw it in Leda's lap. From it sprang Helen, who excelled all other girls in beauty.
Telchines
One source of the myth says that Nemesis was the mother of the Telchines, whom others say were children of Pontus and Gaea or Thalassa.- Bacchylides, Fragment 52 (from Tzetzes on Theogony) (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric IV) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) :
The four famous Telkhines (Telchines), Aktaios (Actaeus), Megalesios (Megalesius), Ormenos (Ormenus) and Lykos (Lycus), whom Bakkhylides (Bacchylides) calls the children of Nemesis and Tartaros.
[N.B. Tartaros is the spirit of the great pit beneath the earth.]
Acts and deeds
Although a respected goddess, Nemesis brought much sorrow to mortals such as Echo and Narcissus. Narcissus was a very beautiful and arrogant hunter from the territory of Thespiae and Boeotia, who disdained the ones who loved him. Nemesis lured him to a pool where he saw his own reflection in the water and fell in love with it, not realizing it was only an image. He was unable to leave the beauty of his reflection and he eventually died. Nemesis believed that no one should ever have too much goodness in their lives, and she had always cursed those who were blessed with countless gifts.Local cult
A festival called Nemeseia (by some identified with the Genesia) was held at Athens. Its object was to avert the nemesis of the dead, who were supposed to have the power of punishing the living, if their cult had been in any way neglected (Sophocles, Electra, 792; E. Rohde, Psyche, 1907, i. 236, note I).Smyrna
At Smyrna there were two manifestations of Nemesis, more akin to Aphrodite than to Artemis. The reason for this duality is hard to explain. It is suggested that they represent two aspects of the goddess, the kindly and the implacable, or the goddesses of the old city and the new city refounded by Alexander. The martyrology Acts of Pionius, set in the "Decian persecution" of AD 250–51, mentions a lapsed Smyrnan Christian who was attending to the sacrifices at the altar of the temple of these Nemeses.Rome
Nemesis was one of several tutelary deities of the drill-ground (as Nemesis campestris). Modern scholarship offers little support for the once-prevalent notion that arena personnel such as gladiators, venatores and bestiarii were personally or professionally dedicated to her cult. Rather, she seems to have represented a kind of "Imperial Fortuna" who dispensed Imperial retribution on the one hand, and Imperially subsidised gifts on the other; both were functions of the popular gladiatorial Ludi held in Roman arenas. She is shown on a few examples of Imperial coinage as Nemesis-Pax, mainly under Claudius and Hadrian. In the third century AD, there is evidence of the belief in an all-powerful Nemesis-Fortuna. She was worshipped by a society called Hadrian's freedmen.Ammianus Marcellinus includes her in a digression on Justice following his description of the death of Gallus Caesar.
Kupferstich von Georg Pommer nach dem Original Die Nemesis Alfred Rethels von 1837.
Gheorghe Tattarescu - Nemesis, zeiţa răzbunarii
- Compoziţie alegorică reprezentând-o pe Nemesis, zeiţa răzbunării şi a
dreptei măsuri, văzută din faţă, având piciorul drept îndoit şi
sprijinit pe o roată, Muzeul Municipiului Bucureşti, 152x102 cm.
Brass sestertius of Hadrian, struck at Rome AD 136.
HadrianNemesis
Ауреус. Клавдий, ок. 41-42 гг. Реверс. Надпись PACI AVGVSTAE. Крылатая Немезида идёт вправо; в левой опущенной руке держит кадуцей над извивающейся змеёй, справа.
АНО «Международный нумизматический клуб»
Maria Saal Zollfeld Virunum Arena Museum Statue der Nemesi
АНО «Международный нумизматический клуб»
Nemesis sculpture by Bertel Thorvaldsen/H. W. Bissen in Sankt Jørgens Gård in Copenhagen, Denmark
Basse relievo de Nemesis, Allat e le dedicante. Provenientia de Palmyra.
II sec.
Némésis, la tardive déesse, Qui frappe le méchant sur son trône endormi
Alfred Rethel - Nemesis, 1837
Roman
copy of the statue of Nemesis at Ramnous. The goddes was shown holding
an apple branch and a phiale.The original was carved by Agorakritos, a
pupil of Phidias, ca. 430 BC. National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
Inv. number 3349. Second century AD.
Reconstruction
of the Roman copy of the statue of Nemesis at Ramnous. The goddes was
shown holding an apple branch and a phiale.The original was carved by
Agorakritos, a pupil of Phidias, ca. 430 BC. National Archaeological
Museum of Athens. Inv. number 3349. Second century AD.
Wels
( Upper Austria ). City Museum Minoritenkloster - Roman department:
Monument ( 2nd/3rd century AD ) to Diana Nemesis, dedicated by Marcus
Ulpius Romulus.
Statue
of Fortuna Nemesis, the goddess of fate. She holds a flaming torch in
her right hand and a globe representing the universe in her left. The
griffon and the wheel with six spokes are her usual attributes. The
statue was found in the shrine of the northern wing of the proconsul's
palace.
Tabula
ansata de cobre con anilla con inscripción votiva a Némesis siglos
II-III. Inscripción en tres líneas por puntos incisos. Museo
Arqueológico de Sevilla
Pierre-Paul Prud'hon - Justice and Divine Vengeance Pursuing Crime 1808
Albrecht Dürer - Nemesis (The Great Fortune)
1501 circa
Nemesis - Roman (c. AD 150). Note the wings, the wheel of fortune, and the man at her feet.
L'alata Nemesi (Vendetta) punta il dito verso la nave di Teseo che ha appena abbandonato Arianna, in lacrime.
I sec. d.C.
Nemesis by Antonio Tarsia, 1717, at Summer Garden.
Bronzed Nemesis Greek Goddess of Retribution Statue
nemesis-by-jessica-galbreth
NᎬᎷᎬᏚᏆᏚ
Nemesis portrayed with a steering wheel, from a temple in Rhamnus. (Hellenistic period).
Nemesis, Goddess of Vengeance, is an assassin of the Greek pantheon in Smite.
Nemesis and Tyche, Athenian red-figure amphora C5th B.C., Antikensammlung Berlin
Nemesis and Eutychia, Athenian red-figure hydria C5th B.C., Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe
Nemesis and the Dioscuri in the Underworld, Apulian red-figure volute krater C4th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen
YouTube
Nemesis
Nemesis
Joshua raphael
Nemesis
Nemesis, goddess of revenge, represented as a winged woman, holding snakes and a torch, with a wheel and a rudder meaning she follows her victims by sea and by land - From ' Mythologie de la jeunesse ' by Pierre Blanchard. (Photo by Stefano Bianchetti/Corbis via Getty Images)
Nemesis: The Goddess Of Fortune, Revenge & Retribution - (Greek Mythology Explained)
Nemesis
Joshua raphael
Nemesis, goddess of revenge, represented as a winged woman, holding snakes and a torch, with a wheel and a rudder meaning she follows her victims by sea and by land - From ' Mythologie de la jeunesse ' by Pierre Blanchard. (Photo by Stefano Bianchetti/Corbis via Getty Images)
Nemesis, Goddess of Revenge
SMITE - Nemesis, Goddess of Revenge by Shlickcunny
Nicolaj-Abraham Abilgaard
(Danish, 1743–1809)
Greece, Athens, National Archaeological Museum, 3rd century B.C., 300 B.C.
Goddess of the Wildwoods Statue Nemesis Now
Ruins
of the the Temple of Goddess Nemesis, gladiator's protector,inside of
the antique province Dacia Apulensis,Sarmizegetusa,Hateg Country,
Romania. It was founded around the years 106 to 110 d.Hr. 
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