Genealogia
Fu la sposa di Astreo, con il quale generò i quattro venti Zefiro, Borea, Austro ed Apeliote.Esiodo aggiunge anche il figlio Phosphoros.
Mitologia
Al termine di ogni notte Eos giunge da est a bordo di una biga trainata da due cavalli (Faetonte e Lampo).Tra i primi amanti di Eos si nomina lo stesso Zeus, da cui ebbe una figlia di nome Ersa (o Erse), dea della rugiada, altrove ritenuta figlia del padre degli dei e di Selene, sorella di Eos.
Più tardi fu amata da Ares, il dio della guerra, con cui condivise più volte il suo talamo (termine utilizzato in epoca arcaica per designare vari ambienti della casa, che andò ad indicare più comunemente la camera da letto e quindi lo stesso letto nuziale), sdegnata per il tradimento del suo amante, Afrodite punì la dea sua rivale, condannandola ad innamorarsi di continuo di comuni mortali.
La maledizione di Afrodite ebbe il suo effetto, quando Eos intravide, durante una sua passeggiata presso la città di Troia, un fanciullo di straordinaria bellezza e di sangue reale, di nome Titone, figlio del re Laomedonte.
Così un giorno, la dea lo rapì e lo condusse con sé rivolgendosi poi a Zeus affinché gli concedesse l'immortalità. Dalla loro unione nacquero due figli, Emazione e Memnone, che fu ucciso da Achille nella Guerra di Troia.
Da quel giorno, ogni mattina Eos piange inconsolabilmente il proprio figlio e le sue lacrime formano la rugiada.
Un altro suo amante mortale fu Cefalo, marito di Procri.
Secondo Esiodo i due avrebbero generato Fetonte, altrove ritenuto figlio di Helios e Climene.
Omero la chiama "la dea dalle rosee dita" per l'effetto che si vede nel cielo all'alba.
L'Aurore 1881
Dawn
Dawn
Adolphe-William Bouguereau
Aurora
Nella mitologia romana, Aurora è la dea dell'aurora. Il suo mito è parallelo a quello della dea greca Eos e della divinità vedica Uṣas.La dea Aurora si rinnova ogni mattina all'alba e vola attraverso il cielo, annunciando l'arrivo della mattina; nell'"Iliade" e nell'"Odissea" l'arrivo dell'alba è spesso descritto con la formula "apparve Aurora dalle dita di rosa" qui riportata secondo la traduzione di Vincenzo di Benedetto e Pierangelo Fabrini. "Aurora dalle dita di rosa" è l'epiteto omerico della dea Aurora. È figlia del Titano Iperione e i suoi fratelli sono il sole e la luna. Inoltre ha molti mariti e quattro figli, i venti: del nord (Borea), dell'est (Euro), dell'ovest (Zefiro) e del sud (Austro). Uno dei mariti è il vecchio Titone, uomo per il quale la dea aveva ottenuto da Giove l'immortalità, ma, per un errore nella richiesta, non la perenne giovinezza. Più tardi, a Roma, il suo culto viene associato a Matuta nella divinità di Mater Matuta.
Dante Alighieri la nomina nel Purgatorio nel canto II, 9 e nel canto IX, 1 dove è citata come "la concubina di Titone antico".
Apollo and Aurora, 1671 by Gerard de Lairesse
In Greek mythology, Eos (/ˈiːɒs/; Ionic and Homeric Greek Ἠώς Ēōs, Attic Ἕως Éōs, "dawn", pronounced [ɛːɔ̌ːs] or [héɔːs]; Aeolic Αὔως Aúōs, Doric Ἀώς Āṓs) is a Titaness and the goddess of the dawn, who rose each morning from her home at the edge of the Oceanus.
Eos had a brother and a sister, Helios, god of the sun, and Selene, goddess of the moon.
Etymology
Eos is cognate to the Vedic goddess Ushas, Lithuanian goddess Austrine, and Roman goddess Aurora (Old Latin Ausosa), all three of whom are also goddesses of the dawn. All four are considered derivatives of the Proto-Indo-European stem *h₂ewsṓs (later *Ausṓs), "dawn", a stem that also gave rise to Proto-Germanic *Austrō, Old Germanic *Ōstara and Old English Ēostre/Ēastre. This agreement leads to the reconstruction of a Proto-Indo-European dawn goddess.Greek literature
The dawn goddess Eos was almost always described with rosy fingers (ῥοδοδάκτυλος, rhododáktylos) or rosy forearms (ῥοδόπηχυς, rhodópēkhys) as she opened the gates of heaven for the Sun to rise. In Homer, her saffron-coloured robe is embroidered or woven with flowers; rosy-fingered and with golden arms, she is pictured on Attic vases as a beautiful woman, crowned with a tiara or diadem and with the large white-feathered wings of a bird.From The Iliad:
Now when Dawn in robe of saffron was hastening from the streams of Oceanus, to bring light to mortals and immortals, Thetis reached the ships with the armor that the god had given her.
— Iliad xix.1
But soon as early Dawn appeared, the rosy-fingered, then gathered the folk about the pyre of glorious Hector.Quintus Smyrnaeus pictured her exulting in her heart over the radiant horses (Lampus and Phaëton) that drew her chariot, amidst the bright-haired Horae, the feminine Hours, climbing the arc of heaven and scattering sparks of fire.
— Iliad xxiv.776
She is most often associated with her Homeric epithet "rosy-fingered" (rhododactylos), but Homer also calls her Eos Erigeneia:
That brightest of stars appeared, Eosphoros, that most often heralds the light of early-rising Dawn (Eos Erigeneia).Hesiod wrote:
— Odyssey xiii.93
And after these Erigeneia ["Early-born"] bore the star Eosphoros ("Dawn-bringer"), and the gleaming stars with which heaven is crowned.Thus Eos, preceded by the Morning Star, is seen as the genetrix of all the stars and planets; her tears are considered to have created the morning dew, personified as Ersa or Herse (Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.621-2). Eos is the daughter of Hyperion, a bringer of light, the One Above, Who Travels High Above the Earth and of Theia, The Divine. Her brother was the Sun god Helios, and her sister was Selene, the Moon goddess. Her team of horses pull her chariot across the sky and are named in the Odyssey as "Firebright" and "Daybright".
— Theogony 378-382
She was the Mother of several notable offspring, including the Winds, Zephyrus, Boreas, and Notus, and the Morning Star, Eosphoros, all of whom she bore to the Titan Astraeus ("of the Stars"), and Memnon, her son by Tithonus.
This rosy-fingered, saffron-robed and golden-throned goddess, who goes up to Olympus to announce the light to the immortals, fell in love several times, and some say it was Aphrodite who cursed her to be perpetually in love, because once had Eos lain with Aphrodite's sweetheart Ares, the god of war.
Genealogy
Eos is the daughter of Hyperion and Theia and sister of Helios the sun and Selene the moon, "who shine upon all that are on earth and upon the deathless gods who live in the wide heaven" Hesiod told in Theogony (371-374). The generation of Titans preceded all the familiar deities of Olympus who largely supplanted them.Lovers and children
According to Pseudo-Apollodorus, Eos consorted with the war god Ares and was thereupon cursed with unsatisfiable sexual desire by the jealous Aphrodite. This caused her to abduct a number of handsome young men, most notably Cephalus, Tithonus, Orion, and Cleitus. The good-looking Cleitus was made immortal by her. She also asked for Tithonus to be made immortal, but forgot to ask for eternal youth, which resulted in him living forever as a helpless old man.According to Hesiod by Tithonus Eos had two sons, Memnon and Emathion. Memnon fought among the Trojans in the Trojan War and was slain. Her image with the dead Memnon across her knees, like Thetis with the dead Achilles are icons that inspired the Christian Pietà[citation needed].
The abduction of Cephalus had special appeal for an Athenian audience because Cephalus was a local boy, and so this myth element appeared frequently in Attic vase-paintings and was exported with them. In the literary myths Eos kidnapped Cephalus when he was hunting and took him to Syria.
The second-century CE traveller Pausanias was informed that the abductor of Cephalus was Hemera, goddess of Day. Although Cephalus was already married to Procris, Eos bore him three sons, including Phaeton and Hesperus, but he then began pining for Procris, causing a disgruntled Eos to return him to her and put a curse on them.
In Hyginus' report, Cephalus accidentally killed Procris some time later after he mistook her for an animal while hunting.
In Ovid's Metamorphoses VII, Procris, a jealous wife, was spying on him and heard him singing to the wind, but thought he was serenading his ex-lover Eos.
Etruscan interpretations
Among the Etruscans, the generative dawn-goddess was Thesan. Depictions of the dawn-goddess with a young lover became popular in Etruria in the fifth century, probably inspired by imported Greek vase-painting. Though Etruscans preferred to show the goddess as a nurturer (Kourotrophos) rather than an abductor of young men, the late Archaic sculptural acroterion from Etruscan Cære, now in Berlin, showing the goddess in archaic running pose adapted from the Greeks, and bearing a boy in her arms, has commonly been identified as Eos and Cephalus. On an Etruscan mirror Thesan is shown carrying off a young man, whose name is inscribed as Tinthu.Roman interpretations
The Roman equivalent of Eos is Aurora, also a cognate showing the characteristic Latin rhotacism. Dawn became associated in Roman cult with Matuta, later known as Mater Matuta. She was also associated with the sea harbors and ports, and had a temple on the Forum Boarium. On June 11, the Matralia was celebrated at that temple in honor of Mater Matuta; this festival was only for women during their first marriage.
Eos 1895
Aurora
Aurora (Latin: [au̯ˈroːra]) is the Latin word for dawn, and the goddess of dawn in Roman mythology and Latin poetry. Like Greek Eos and Rigvedic Ushas, Aurora continues the name of an earlier Indo-European dawn goddess, Hausos.Roman mythology
In Roman mythology, Aurora renews herself every morning and flies across the sky, announcing the arrival of the sun. Her parentage was flexible: for Ovid, she could equally be Pallantis, signifying the daughter of Pallas, or the daughter of Hyperion. She has two siblings, a brother (Sol, the sun) and a sister (Luna, the moon). Roman writers rarely imitated Hesiod and later Greek poets by naming Aurora as the mother of the Anemoi (the Winds), who were the offspring of Astraeus, the father of the stars.Aurora appears most often in sexual poetry with one of her mortal lovers. A myth taken from the Greek by Roman poets tells that one of her lovers was the prince of Troy, Tithonus. Tithonus was a mortal, and would therefore age and die. Wanting to be with her lover for all eternity, Aurora asked Jupiter to grant immortality to Tithonus. Jupiter granted her wish, but she failed to ask for eternal youth to accompany his immortality, and he became forever old. Aurora turned him into a cicada.
Usage in literature and music
From Homer's Iliad:- Now when Dawn in robe of saffron was hastening from the streams of Okeanos, to bring light to mortals and immortals, Thetis reached the ships with the armor that the god had given her. (19.1)
- But soon as early Dawn appeared, the rosy-fingered, then gathered the folk about the pyre of glorious Hector. (24.776)
- But all so soon as the all-cheering sun
- Should in the furthest east begin to draw
- The shady curtains from Aurora's bed,
- Away from the light steals home my heavy son...
- "One day I was a-musing down by the Courtown banks
- "The sun shone bright and clearly, bold Neptune played a prank...
- "There was Flora at the helm and Aurora to the stern
- "And all their gallant fine seamen, their course for to steer on.
- "From Tithon's bed now might Aurora rise,
- "Her cheeks all glowing with celestial dies,
- "While a pure stream of light o'erflows the skies.
- Once more the old mysterious glimmer steals
- From thy pure brows, and from thy shoulders pure,
- And bosom beating with a heart renewed.
- Thy cheek begins to redden through the gloom,
- Thy sweet eyes brighten slowly close to mine,
- Ere yet they blind the stars, and the wild team
- Which love thee, yearning for thy yoke, arise,
- And shake the darkness from their loosened manes,
- And beat the twilight into flakes of a fire
- Aurora
- Goddess sparkle
- A mountain shade suggests your shape
- I tumble down on my knees
- Fill my mouth with snow
- The way it melts
- I wish to melt into you
- Aurora
- Save me from the fallen shadows
- Pull me out of my dream
- Aurora
- Wade me through the phantom shallows
- Shelter me from the screams
Depiction in art
- Aurora by Guercino (1591–1666)
- The Countess de Brac as Aurora by Jean-Marc Nattier (1685–1766)
- Aurora e Titone by Francesco de Mura (1696–1782)
- Aurora and Cephalus, by Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson (1767–1824)
- The Gates of Dawn by Herbert James Draper (1863–1920)
- Aurora and Cephalus by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin (1774–1833)
- Aurora by Odilon Redon (1840 – 1916).
- Aurore by Denys Puech (1854 – 1942).
Annibale Carracci Aurora Museo Condé Chantilly
Created: between 1602-1605 and
Aurora, by Guercino, 1621-23: the ceiling fresco in the Casino Ludovisi, Rome, is a classic example of Baroque illusionistic painting
Aurora was the goddess of the morning and Tithonus was a Prince of Troy.
Creato: XVIII sec
Creato: XVIII sec
Philippe Magnier (Français 1647-1715): L'Aurore descendant de son char, bronze (fondeur Balthazar Keller), Cour Marly, Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Aurora Taking Leave of Tithonus
1704, by Francesco Solimena
Aurora, Roman goddess of the dawn, bids goodbye to her lover Tithonus. Aurora is about to illuminate the darkness of night.
EOS
Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle 1740
Madame la comtesse de Brac en Aurore
The Countess de Brac as Aurora 1741
The Countess de Brac as Aurora 1741
Jean-Marc Nattier
Affresco (Aurora) del soffitto dello Scalone d'onore di Palazzo Greppi a Milano, che fu progettato da Giuseppe Piermarini (1776). Foto di Giovanni Dall'Orto, 20-5-2007.
Aurora e Cefalo 1801 - Olio su lastra di rame - Deposito Pinacoteca di Brera, 1902
Aurora and Cephalus 1810
Pierre-Narcisse Guérin
(1774–1833)
Aurora and Cephalus, by Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson (1767–1824)
Eos pouring the morning dew dressed in a starsprinkled robe. From an antique vase.
Statue of Victory on Aurora (New York Street) Memorial Bridge, built c. 1931. In background is entrance to Hollywood Casino, c. 1993.
Arno Breker Eos (1939)
Каминные часы. Аврора. Сер. 19 века, Франция.
Empire revival clock, second half 19th century.
Jeremias Falck: L'Aurore.
Eos and Cephalus (?); may also be a chthonic goddess carrying a dead child. Relief from Milos, ca. 460–450 BC.
Gobelins Room, Cathedral of Puebla, Puebla de los Ángeles, Puebla state, Mexico
Greek Terracotta
Eos Kephalos, Antikensammlung Berlin
1876
"Aurora", 1693, bronze statue by Philippe Magnier (1647-1715), M.R.3243, on display at Musée du Louvre, Cour Marly, Paris
Eos driving a four-horse chariot up to Artemis Fosforos. From an antique vase.
Edificio de la Aurora Polar (Madrid)
1920
eos fress
Poland. Warsaw. Śródmieście. Royal Baths Park
eos
The
Pantheon, or, Fabulous history of the heathen gods, goddesses, heroes,
&c. - explained in a manner entirely new adorned with figures from
ancient paintings, medals, and gems with a dissertation on
(14771147114).
Created: 1 January 1792
Created: 1 January 1792
Francois Boucher lever du soleil wallace collection
1753
Aurora goddess by ftourini
Guido Reni - L'Aurora di Guido Reni nelle arti decorative
Creato: 1612-1614 circa
Aurora, Goddess of the Dawn
John Flaxman - The Morn, All Beauteous to Behold, from Aeschylus, The Persians
Aurora - Jose de Madrazo y Agudo (1781-1859)
Creato: 1612-1614 circa
Eos, pencil drawing, authorial copy of a part of the "Eos, Phosphoros, Hesperos, Helios" drawing, added to the Iliad illustration cycle.
Goddess Aurora Pink Dress by AlexiosR
Aurora Goddess of the Dawn
Memnon vs Achilles
Achilles and Memnon, Kerostasia
Eos and Tithonus, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., British Museum
Helios und Eos, vom Morgentau getragen, darüber der Himmelsgott. Relief vom Harnisch der Augustusstatue im Vatikan
Nyx (Night) and Eos (Dawn), Apulian red-figure krater C4th B.C., Metropolitan Museum of Art
Specchio inciso con zeus, eos, thetis e athena, da civitella san paolo, 500-475 ac ca.
Museo Gregoriano Etrusco
Eos and Cephalus, Athenian red-figure krater C5th B.C., Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum
Wiesbaden Kurhaus Thiersch-Saal Helios Sonnenwagen
This is a picture of the hessian Kulturdenkmal (cultural monument) with the ID
Eos and Tithonus, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Museum of Fine Arts Boston
Aurora Goddess by Kija Elstad
Thetis, Eos, Hermes and the scales of fate, Athenian red-figure stamnos C5th B.C., Museum of Fine Arts Boston
Aurora the bringer of the Dawn by RomanticFae
Achilles, Eos and the body of Memnon, Athenian black-figure neck amphora C6th B.C., Metropolitan Museum of Art
GODDESS OF DAWN: AURORA * ~ mild nudity by luciferino
Eos and the body of Memnon, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Musée du Louvre
Aurora (Eos) Goddess of the Dawn.
Eos the dawn, Athenian red-figure lebes gamikos C5th B.C., University of Mississippi Museum
AURORA IS THE ROMAN GODDESS OF THE DAWN
Helius the sun, Eos the dawn and Eosphorus the dawn-star, Apulian red-figure krater C4th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen
Aurora, Goddess of Dawn. by theblueofmyoblivion
Eos-Hemera goddess of day, Athenian black-figure lekythos C5th B.C., Metropolitan Museum of Art
An original 19th-century watercolour painting, Aurora, Goddess of Dawn.
Aurora, by Josephine Wall
Nessun commento:
Posta un commento