Jean Clouet (Bruxelles, 1480 – Parigi, 1541) è stato un pittore e un miniaturista dei Paesi Bassi borgognoni attivo in Francia.
Biografia
Probabilmente nato a Bruxelles, era il padre del pittore François Clouet (1515-1572). I primi accenni certi sulla sua vita li ritroviamo nel 1516, quando alla corte del re Francesco I di Francia ci fu un suo interessamento, riguardante un atto di donazione. Anche il suo nome non è certo, secondo alcuni era Clowet.
Visse a Tours (comune della Francia centro-occidentale) per numerosi anni, e vi conobbe la futura moglie, figlia di un gioielliere. Era famoso per i ritratti à crayon, rapidi schizzi realizzati in preparazione di ritratti ad olio, ma che potevano essere anche utilizzati per medaglie o per miniature. La prima opera che gli è attribuita è una serie di otto miniature, note col titolo I prodi di Marignano e datate 1519. Si conservano a Parigi, alla Bibliothèque nationale de France.
Divenne palafreniere della camera nel 1523 (titolo che toccò in seguito a suo figlio François) con uno stipendio di 180 Livre tournois (il nome delle monete usata nella Francia medioevale, valuta francese fino all'introduzione del franco germinale) aumentato in seguito a 240.
In seguito si spostò a Parigi a partire dal 1529, forse nelle vicinanze del cimitero dove in seguito venne seppellito. Aveva un fratello, Clouet de Navarra, che era al servizio di Margherita d'Angoulême sorella del re di Francia, secondo la testimonianza a noi riportata da una lettera, datata 1529, scritta da Marguerite stessa.
Jean ebbe due figli, François, pittore, e Catherine.
Jean (or Janet) Clouet (1480–1541) was a miniaturist and painter who worked in France during the High Renaissance. He was the father of François Clouet.
Biography
The authentic presence of this artist at the French court is first mentioned in 1516, the second year of the reign of Francis I. By a deed of gift made by the king to the artist's son of his father's estate, which had escheated to the crown, we learn that he was not actually a Frenchman, and never naturalized. He is supposed to have been a native of the Low Countries, and probably his real name was Cloet. He lived several years in Tours, and there it was he met his wife, who was the daughter of a jeweller.
He is recorded as living in Tours in 1522, and there is a reference to his wife's residence in the same town in 1523. In that year Clouet was awarded the position of Groom of the Chamber by the King, with a stipend at first of 180 livres and later of 240. He and his wife were certainly living in Paris in 1529, probably in the neighborhood of the parish of Ste Innocente, in the cemetery of which they were buried. He stood godfather at a christening on 8 July 1540, but was no longer living in December 1541.
His brother, known as Clouet de Navarre, was in the service of Marguerite d'Angoulême, sister of Francis I, and is referred to in a letter written by Marguerite about 1529. Jean Clouet had two children, François and Catherine, who married Abel Foulon, and left one son, who continued the profession of François Clouet after his decease.
He painted a portrait of the mathematician Oronce Finé in 1530, when Fine was thirty-six years old, but the portrait is now known only by a print. Janet is generally believed, however, to have been responsible for a very large number of the wonderful portrait drawings now preserved at Chantilly, and at the Bibliothèque Nationale, and to him is attributed the portrait of an unknown man at Hampton Court, that of the dauphin Francis, son of Francis I at Antwerp, and one other portrait, that of Francis I in the Louvre.
Seven miniature portraits in the Manuscript of the Gallic War in the Bibliothèque Nationale (13,429) are attributed to Janet with very strong probability, and to these may be added an eighth in the collection of J. Pierpont Morgan, and representing Charles I de Cossé, Maréchal de Brissac, identical in its characteristics with the seven already known. There are other miniatures in the collection of Mr Morgan, which may be attributed to Jean Clouet with some strong degree of probability, inasmuch as they closely resemble the portrait drawings at Chantilly and in Paris which are taken to be his work.
The collection of drawings preserved in France, and attributed to this artist and his school, comprises portraits of all the important persons of the time of Francis I. In one album of drawings the portraits are annotated by the king himself, and his merry reflections, stinging taunts or biting satires, add very largely to a proper understanding of the life of his time and court. Definite evidence, however, is still lacking to establish the attribution of the best of these drawings and of certain oil paintings to Jean Clouet.
Her rich clothing and
jeweled cap denote her high status, and her rosary indicates a gentle
and pious nature. Portraits of European royal children were commissioned
to record stages of their development and were often exchanged with
other royal houses as a diplomatic gesture. Jean Clouet, the court
painter under Francis I, based his formal panel portraits on detailed
drawings made from life. His style typifies northern renaissance
painting with its silhouetting of shapes, incisive draftsmanship, and
enamellike finish.
Creato: XVI sec.
Jean Clouet -
Attribuito a Jean Clouet -
Jean Clouet -
Portrait de Jacques Ricard, nommé Galiot, Seigneur d’Assier en Quercy
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