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mercoledì 25 maggio 2022

Joan Baez, Singer, Songwriter, Musician, and Activist

Joan Chandos Baez (IPA: [dʒoʊn ˈbaɪz]; New York, 9 gennaio 1941) è una cantautrice e attivista statunitense, nota per il suo stile vocale, il suo impegno nei diritti civili e nel pacifismo.

Detta "l'usignolo di Woodstock" dopo la sua celeberrima esibizione al festival nel 1969, Joan Baez è un'icona del pacifismo e della lotta per i diritti civili, in particolare per l'opposizione alla guerra del Vietnam. Fra i suoi brani più celebri ci sono Diamonds & Rust, la cover di Phil Ochs, There But for Fortune e quella dei The Band The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down, così come i brani We Shall Overcome, Love Is Just a Four-Letter Word, Farewell, Angelina, Sweet Sir Galahad, Joe Hill, Where have all the flowers gone. Fece conoscere al mondo, con la sua interpretazione, il brano di Gianni Morandi C'era un ragazzo che come me amava i Beatles e i Rolling Stones.

Canta da sessanta anni, in molte lingue. Nonostante sia considerata una folksinger, la sua musica negli anni ha spaziato anche in molti generi ad esempio nel rock, pop, country e gospel. Autrice di molte delle sue canzoni, è nota anche per le sue interpretazioni dei brani degli amici e colleghi Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Bob Dylan, The Beatles, Jackson Browne, Paul Simon, The Rolling Stones, Stevie Wonder, Ennio Morricone e molti altri. Negli ultimi anni interpreta brani di autori quali Steve Earle, Natalie Merchant e Ryan Adams. Ha un'estensione vocale di tre ottave e un particolarissimo rapido vibrato. 

Biografia

Famiglia

 Nacque nel borough newyorkese di Staten Island in una famiglia di origine scozzese-messicana. Il padre era il fisico di origine messicana Albert Vinicio Baez. Il nonno di Joan, il reverendo Alberto Baez, lasciò la fede cattolica per diventare un pastore metodista e si trasferì negli Stati Uniti d'America quando Albert aveva solo due anni. Albert crebbe a Brooklyn dove il padre era pastore di una comunità ispanica. Dopo aver rinunciato a una carriera ecclesiastica, il padre di Joan studiò matematica e fisica ed è stato co-inventore del microscopio a raggi X e autore dei testi di fisica più usati negli Usa. 

In omaggio ai suoi ideali pacifisti, Albert rifiutò però di lavorare al "Progetto Manhattan" per la costruzione della bomba atomica a Los Alamos, così come durante la guerra fredda rifiutò sempre importanti lavori per l'industria bellica, cosa che influenzò profondamente l'impegno pacifista di Joan e della sorella Mimi. In seguito la famiglia Baez si convertì al quaccherismo, quando Joan era ancora bambina. La professione di Albert Baez è stata portata avanti dal cugino di Joan, il noto fisico John Baez

La madre di Joan, Joan Bridge Baez (spesso chiamata anche Joan Senior o Big Joan), era nata ad Edimburgo, in Scozia, seconda figlia di un pastore episcopale e conobbe Albert al ballo della scuola a Madison, nel New Jersey. Dopo il matrimonio si trasferirono in California. La madre era professoressa di letteratura.

Joan è la seconda di tre sorelle: la maggiore, Pauline, ha sposato l'artista Brice Marden nel 1960 divorziando dopo la nascita del figlio, il musicista Nick Marden; dal secondo matrimonio è nata la figlia Pearl Bryan. La minore, Mimi, morta nel 2001 per una rara forma di tumore, era stata anche lei una cantante, chitarrista e attivista (fondando tra l'altro l'organizzazione Bread and Roses). Vedova del cantautore Richard Fariña, morto in un incidente motociclistico il giorno del 21º compleanno di Mimi e insieme al quale aveva avuto successo con il brano Pack up Your Sorrows, nel 1968 si era risposata con Milan Melvin. In riferimento alla loro storia d'amore, Joan scrisse il brano Sweet Sir Galahad.

Joan Baez ha un figlio, il percussionista Gabriel Harris, ed è nonna di Jasmine, figlia di Gabriel e della moglie Pamela. Vive a Woodside in California con l'anziana madre". Un altro cugino di Joan, Peter Baez, è un attivista per l'uso terapeutico della cannabis.

Infanzia

A causa del lavoro di Albert nell'assistenza sanitaria e nell'UNESCO, la famiglia si spostò di frequente, sia attraverso gli Stati Uniti d'America, sia in Francia, in Svizzera, in Italia e in Vicino Oriente, incluso l'Iraq, dove vissero nel 1951. Joan, allora di soli dieci anni, fu molto colpita dalla povertà e dalle condizioni di vita della popolazione di Baghdad. Vide animali e persone picchiati a morte, bambini senza gambe che chiedevano l'elemosina. Anni dopo scrisse che sentiva una certa affinità con quei mendicanti e che la sofferenza della gente di Baghdad divenne una parte di lei. Trasferitasi negli USA, la Baez è stata oggetto di discriminazione razziale per le sue origini messicane.

Carriera musicale

Primi anni

Un amico del padre le regalò un ukulele; imparò a suonare quattro accordi, cosa che le permise di suonare il rhythm and blues, che ascoltava a quell'epoca nonostante le grosse paure dei genitori che pensavano che la musica l'avrebbe portata nel giro della droga. All'età di otto anni, ascoltò per la prima volta un concerto del musicista folk Pete Seeger e rimase fortemente attratta da questa musica, imparando presto a suonare i brani del repertorio di Seeger. Una delle sue prime performance pubbliche fu a Saratoga in California, per un gruppo giovanile di Temple Beth Jacob, una congregazione di Redwood City. Un filmato in 8mm di quell'esibizione è stato recentemente scoperto. Nel 1957, Joan acquistò la sua prima chitarra Gibson per 50 dollari. Nello stesso anno compì il suo primo atto di disobbedienza civile rifiutandosi di lasciare la sua scuola (la Palo Alto High School) per un'esercitazione antiaerea.

La scena musicale in Massachusetts

Nei tardi anni cinquanta Albert Baez accettò un lavoro al MIT di Boston, dove si trasferì con la famiglia. In quel periodo la città era al centro della scena musicale folk. Joan iniziò a frequentare la locale università e a esibirsi nei club della zona, spesso al Club 47 Mount Auburn di Cambridge (in cui suonò per la prima volta nel 1958), dove veniva pagata 20 dollari a serata per due sere a settimana. All'epoca pensò di cambiare il suo nome in Rachel Sandperl (Sandperl era il cognome del suo insegnante del liceo e mentore, il pacifista Ira Sandperl) o Mariah (dalla canzone They Call the Wind Maria del The Kingston Trio), ma poi pensò che l'avrebbero accusata di rinnegare il suo nome ispanico.

Con altri artisti che si esibivano al club incise il suo primo disco, Folksingers 'Round Harvard Square. Più tardi Joan incontrò Bob Gibson e la regina della musica folk Odetta, che Joan definisce come sua maggiore ispiratrice assieme a Marian Anderson a Pete Seeger. Gibson invitò Joan Baez a cantare con lui nel 1959 al Newport Folk Festival, dove interpretarono due duetti: Virgin Mary Had One Son e We Are Crossing Jordan River; in seguito all'esibizione molti iniziarono a parlare della "Madonna scalza" con una voce straordinaria; l'esibizione fece ottenere a Joan un contratto con la Vanguard Records. Anche se la Columbia Records aveva tentato di scritturarla, la Baez dichiarò in seguito che sentiva che una casa discografica minore le avrebbe dato maggiore libertà.

Il debutto e gli anni sessanta

La carriera artistica di Joan inizia nel 1959, con la sua partecipazione al Newport Folk Festival e l'incisione, l'anno successivo, del suo primo album, Joan Baez, per la Vanguard Records. Era una raccolta di ballate folk e blues eseguite per sola voce e chitarra, che trovò un moderato successo di pubblico. L'album venne prodotto da Fred Hellerman, dei The Weavers, che produsse molti album di Joan Baez. L'album contiene molte celebri Child Ballads come "Mary Hamilton" e fu inciso in soli 4 giorni nella sala da ballo del Manhattan Towers Hotel di New York. L'album include anche il brano in spagnolo El Preso Numero Nueve, che sarebbe poi apparso nel 1974 nell'album in spagnolo Gracias a la vida.

Il suo secondo disco, Joan Baez, Vol. 2 (1961) diventa disco d'oro, così come i successivi dischi dal vivo Joan Baez in Concert, Part 1 e Part 2 pubblicati nel 1962 e 1963. Joan Baez, Vol. 2 contiene brani tradizionali, mentre i due dischi live, a differenza dei normali album live, contengono solo brani inediti; in quel concerto per la prima volta la Baez interpretò anche una cover di Bob Dylan. In quegli anni Joan Baez emerge come esponente del revival del root-folk statunitense, presentando ai suoi concerti un allora meno famoso Bob Dylan (col quale rimase sentimentalmente legata dal 1962 al 1965) e ispirando altre cantanti quali Joni Mitchell, Bonnie Raitt, Emmylou Harris e Judy Collins.

Joan Baez inizia ad avere successo commerciale con il brano There but for Fortune, scritto da Phil Ochs, che entra nella top ten nel Regno Unito nel 1965. Influenzata dalla cosiddetta British invasion, inizia a fare un maggiore uso della chitarra acustica nell'album Farewell, Angelina, che contiene molti brani di Bob Dylan interpretati in chiave più tradizionale. Dopo essersi affermata nello stile della "folksinger with guitar", la Baez decide di sperimentare e si affida al compositore Peter Schickele, che fornisce un'orchestrazione classica ai suoi tre album successivi: Noël (del 1966, che contiene carole natalizie in inglese, tedesco e francese), Joan (1967) e Baptism (del 1968, un album concettuale dove la Baez alterna il canto alla lettura di poesie di James Joyce, Federico García Lorca and Walt Whitman). 

Durante questo periodo, in cui la guerra del Vietnam e la lotta per i diritti civili negli Stati Uniti diventano temi al centro dei dibattiti politici e sociali, Joan Baez comincia a spostare la sua attenzione su di essi, fino a rendere la sua musica e il suo attivismo politico sostanzialmente inseparabili. La sua esecuzione di We Shall Overcome alla marcia di Martin Luther King a Washington la unisce definitivamente a quell'inno.

Iniziò inoltre nei suoi concerti a esprimere più esplicitamente la propria contrarietà alla guerra in Vietnam (anche attraverso il brano pacifista di Pete Seeger Where Have All the Flowers Gone?) annunciando pubblicamente la propria obiezione fiscale alle spese militari, rifiutandosi di pagare il 6% delle tasse – la quota destinata al ministero della difesa – e incoraggiando l'obiezione di coscienza al servizio militare. Nel 1965 fonda l'Institute for the Study of Nonviolence.

Nel 1968 sposa David Harris, un esponente del movimento pacifista imprigionato per la sua renitenza alla leva; il matrimonio durerà fino al 1973 e dall'unione nascerà un figlio. Harris, fan di musica country, sposta lo stile di Joan verso il country-rock più complesso di David's Album. Nel 1968 a Nashville incide due album: Any Day Now (un disco composto esclusivamente da cover di Dylan, fra cui il brano Love Is Just a Four-Letter Word, mai inciso da Dylan) e l'album country David's Album. Sempre in quell'anno pubblica la sua prima autobiografia, Daybreak.

Nel 1969 Joan Baez si esibisce al festival di Woodstock, ottenendo una risonanza musicale e politica a livello planetario, in special modo dopo la diffusione dell'omonimo film-documentario dedicato al festival. Da allora la Baez venne soprannominata l'usignolo di Woodstock. Negli anni sessanta la Baez inizia a comporre alcune canzoni, a cominciare da Sweet Sir Galahad e A Song for David (scritta dopo l'arresto del marito per diserzione).

Anni settanta

Dopo undici anni con la Vanguard Records, nel 1971 Joan abbandona la casa discografica che l'aveva lanciata, dopo l'album Blessed Are..., che contiene la hit di successo scritta da Robbie Robertson, The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down, cover della Band. Nel 1972 con l'album Come from the Shadows, la Baez passa alla A&M Records, dove resta per quattro anni e sei album. Nel 1971 lavora assieme al compositore Peter Schickele nei brani Rejoice in the Sun e Silent Running, per la colonna sonora di 2002: la seconda odissea, film della Universal Studios.

Nel 1971 collabora con Ennio Morricone alla colonna sonora del film di Giuliano Montaldo, Sacco e Vanzetti, componendo e cantando brandi di grande successo come la marcia Here's to You e La ballata di Sacco e Vanzetti, dedicati ai due attivisti anarchici italiani Nicola Sacco e Bartolomeo Vanzetti processati per un omicidio mai commesso e giustiziati nel 1927 senza alcuna prova; opere che contribuirono al grande successo del film il quale, a sua volta, rinnovò le pressioni dell'opinione pubblica mondiale che portarono nel 1977, alla riabilitazione delle due vittime. Il brano-inno di successo Here's to You arriva primo in Francia per quattro settimane ed è oggetto, fra l'altro, di molte cover in diverse lingue.

L'album del 1973 Where Are You Now, My Son? contiene il brano omonimo di 23 minuti che copre l'intero lato B dell'album, un brano metà cantato e metà recitato, che documenta l'avventura vietnamita della Baez nel 1972 quando, durante il Natale, si unisce a una delegazione pacifista che attraversa il Vietnam del Nord sia per chiedere il rispetto dei diritti umani nello stato, sia per consegnare la posta e gli auguri natalizi ai prigionieri di guerra statunitensi.

Durante il suo soggiorno si scatena su Hanoi il "bombardamento di Natale" ordinato da Richard Nixon: per undici giorni la città viene bombardata ininterrottamente.

Nel 1974 incide l'album in lingua spagnola Gracias a la vida, dove interpreta canzoni tradizionali sudamericane, fra cui il brano Gracias a la vida di Violeta Parra che dà il titolo all'album, che riscuote un enorme successo negli Usa e in Sudamerica. Nel 1975 incide il suo album più venduto, Diamonds & Rust, con il brano che dà il titolo all'album, un racconto della sua relazione finita male con Bob Dylan. Dopo l'album Gulf Winds, totalmente scritto da lei, e l'album live From Every Stage, passa alla CBS Records per la quale incide nel 1977 Blowin' Away e nel 1979 Honest Lullaby.

Nei primi anni settanta, Joan dedica molto del suo tempo a sostenere la fondazione della branca statunitense di Amnesty International. Denuncia inoltre le violazioni dei diritti umani nel Vietnam comunista attraverso la pubblicazione (il 30 maggio 1979) di una lettera aperta in cui accusa il regime di avere creato un incubo. Si reca nel 1981 in Cile, Brasile e Argentina, ma in nessuno dei tre paesi le viene permesso di esibirsi: i governi locali non desiderano che le sue opinioni sulla tortura e sulle sparizioni raggiungano il vasto pubblico. Un film dello sfortunato tour, There but for Fortune è stato trasmesso dal canale televisivo pubblico statunitense (la Public Broadcasting Service) nel 1982.

Anni ottanta e novanta

Nel 1980 riceve la laurea honoris causa in lettere dalla Antioch University e Rutgers University per l'attivismo politico e l'"universalità della sua musica". Nel 1983 per la prima volta partecipa ai Grammy Awards interpretando il brano di Bob Dylan, Blowin' in the Wind, cantata da lei per la prima volta nel 1968. Apre la parte di concerto di Filadelfia del Live Aid del 1985 e tiene negli anni successivi diversi concerti a sostegno di altre cause civili, tra cui l'attività di Amnesty International.

Nel 1984 si ritrovò senza una casa discografica che le producesse l'album Live-Europe '83 e rimase senza casa discografica negli USA fino all'album del 1987 Recently, prodotto dalla Gold Castle Records. Nel 1987 la sua seconda autobiografia And a Voice to Sing With venne inserita dal New York Times fra i bestseller dell'anno. In quegli anni tenne concerti pacifisti in Israele e nella Striscia di Gaza.

Il 26 giugno 1989 allo Stadio Braglia di Modena la cantante partecipa a un concerto insieme a Francesco De Gregori e Tracy Chapman in favore di un fondo costituito dalla Regione Emilia-Romagna per la costruzione di un ospedale in Armenia in cui fra le tante canzoni De Gregori e la Baez hanno cantato assieme anche The Boxer, di Simon & Garfunkel.

Nel 1988 realizza il tour Three Voices (pubblicato sull'omonimo DVD), assieme alla cantante popolare e attivista argentina Mercedes Sosa e al cantautore tedesco Konstantin Wecker. In quel tour la Baez interpreta, fra gli altri brani, la composizione di Sting dedicata alle donne vittime del regime cileno, Ellas danzan solas; fra i duetti con gli altri due colleghi, spicca l'indimenticabile interpretazione di Gracias a la vida, il brano di Violeta Parra che la Baez aveva già inciso nell'omonimo album e che ora reinterpreta, con un nuovo arrangiamento, assieme a Mercedes Sosa, anche lei celebre interprete del brano.

Nel 1989 si esibisce a un festival musicale comunista in Cecoslovacchia, il Bratislavská lýra e in quell'occasione incontra il futuro presidente Václav Havel, a cui permise di trasportare la sua chitarra, per evitare che venisse arrestato dagli agenti governativi. Durante la performance, salutò i membri del movimento Charta 77, un gruppo dissidente per i diritti umani; il suo microfono venne staccato improvvisamente e la Baez proseguì il concerto a cappella. Havel indica Joan Baez come una grande ispirazione per la Rivoluzione di velluto che portò al rovesciamento del regime comunista nel paese. Joan incise altri due album con la Gold Castle, Speaking of Dreams (1989) e la raccolta Brothers in Arms (1991), dopodiché passò alla Virgin Records per incidere Play Me Backwards nel 1992, prima che la compagnia venisse rilevata dalla EMI.

Con la Guardian incise l'album dal vivo Ring Them Bells nel 1995 e l'album in studio Gone from Danger nel 1997. Nel 1993 viaggia in Bosnia ed Erzegovina per sensibilizzare sulle sofferenze della popolazione. È stata la prima artista a esibirsi a Sarajevo dallo scoppio della guerra civile. Nell'ottobre 1993 è la prima artista a esibirsi professionalmente nell'ex penitenziario di Alcatraz a San Francisco per l'associazione di beneficenza della sorella, Mimi Fariña, Bread and Roses. Tornerà nuovamente ad Alcatraz nel 1996.

Anni duemila

Nel 2001 la Vanguard Records ha nuovamente pubblicato i primi tredici album di Joan Baez, incisi fra 1960 e 1971. Il suono è in digitale e sono presenti delle bonus track inedite e delle note scritte da Arthur Levy. Allo stesso modo i suoi sei album con la A&M sono stati pubblicati nel 2003. Nel 2003 è stata giudice del 3º Independent Music Awards per supportare gli artisti indipendenti. L'album del 2003, Dark Chords on a Big Guitar, contiene brani composti da artisti molto più giovani; dal concerto del novembre 2004 alla Bowery Ballroom di New York è stato inciso l'album live Bowery Songs (2005).

Nell'agosto del 2005 partecipa in Texas al movimento di protesta pacifista avviato da Cindy Sheehan, il mese successivo canta Amazing Grace durante il "Burning Man Festival" come parte di un tributo alle vittime dell'uragano Katrina e nel dicembre 2005 partecipa alla protesta contro l'esecuzione di Tookie Williams. Nel 2006 assieme a Julia Butterfly Hill va a vivere su un albero in un parco collettivo di 5,7 ettari dove dal 1992 circa 350 immigrati latino-americani vivono coltivando frutta e verdura. Lo scopo è protestare contro lo sfratto degli abitanti per abbattere il parco e costruire uno stabilimento industriale. È anche molto attiva nella protesta contro l'invasione americana dell'Iraq, e durante i due mandati di George W. Bush aprirà tutti i suoi concerti all'estero con la frase, ogni volta nella lingua locale, «Chiedo scusa per quello che il mio governo sta facendo al mondo».

Fra i brani del periodo c'è anche Christmas in Washington di Steve Earle, in cui la Baez chiede ai vecchi miti e compagni di lotta (Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Emma Goldman, Joe Hill; nella versione live Emma Goldman viene sostituita con Mahatma Gandhi) di tornare per aiutarla a resistere. Il 13 gennaio 2006 canta al funerale del cantante Lou Rawls, accompagnata da Jesse Jackson, Stevie Wonder e altri nell'esecuzione di Amazing Grace. Il 6 giugno si unisce a Bruce Springsteen nel suo concerto a San Francisco e insieme interpretano il brano di Springsteen Pay Me My Money Down.

A settembre incide una nuova versione live del suo brano Sweet Sir Galahad per l'XM Artist Confidential CD di Starbucks. In questa nuova versione cambia le parole "here's to the dawn of their days" in "here's to the dawn of her day", come omaggio alla defunta sorella Mimi Fariña; il brano del 1969 infatti parla della relazione della sorella con il secondo marito, Milan Melvin. Sempre nel 2006, a sorpresa, la Baez appare alla cerimonia d'apertura della conferenza internazionale Forum 2000 a Praga; l'esibizione della Baez è stata tenuta nascosta all'ex presidente Václav Havel finché non è salita sul palco, in quanto Havel è un grande ammiratore dell'artista sia musicalmente sia politicamente.

Durante la successiva visita della Baez a Praga, nel 2007, i due si sono reincontrati e la Baez si è esibita al "Lucerna hall", un edificio costruito dal nonno di Havel. A dicembre 2006 è apparsa al concerto di natale dell'Oakland Interfaith Gospel Choir a Oakland (California), al teatro Paramount; in quell'occasione ha cantato Let Us Break Bread Together, Amazing Grace e O Holy Night.

Nel 2006 viene annunciata la nuova edizione dell'album del 1995 Ring Them Bells, che contiene memorabili duetti con Dar Williams, Mimi Fariña, The Indigo Girls e Mary Chapin Carpenter, assieme a un libretto di 16 pagine e 6 altri brani, fra cui Love Song to a Stranger, You Ain't Goin' Nowhere, Geordie (nella versione solista in inglese), Gracias a la vida, The Water Is Wide e Stones in the Road. Nel 2007 viene pubblicato un duetto della Baez con John Mellencamp, dal titolo Jim Crow, disponibile sull'album di Mellencamp, Freedom Road. Sempre nel 2007, la Baez ha ricevuto il Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award ed è apparsa alla cerimonia dei Grammy, presentando la performance delle Dixie Chicks.

Il 22 luglio 2008 la Baez si è esibita, assieme a Vinicio Capossela, nell'evento Live for Emergency in Piazza San Marco a Venezia per sostenere Gino Strada ed Emergency. In agosto, a Santa Monica, si è esibita in un duetto con Gerry Marsden dei Gerry and the Pacemakers nel brano di Hedy West, 500 Miles. Nell'ottobre 2008 ha poi presentato il nuovo album Day After Tomorrow, prodotto da Steve Earle, nel corso della trasmissione Che tempo che fa di Fabio Fazio, dove ha interpretato dal vivo Un mondo d'amore. L'album è stato il suo maggiore successo commerciale dal 1979 (Honest Lullaby) ed è stato candidato a un Grammy.

Impegno politico e sociale

Anni cinquanta

Nel 1956 Joan ascoltò per la prima volta Martin Luther King parlare di non violenza e diritti civili, alcuni anni dopo i due sarebbero diventati amici e avrebbero marciato assieme in molte manifestazioni. Nel 1957, a sedici anni, Joan commette il primo atto di disobbedienza civile, rifiutando di lasciare la sua classe alla Palo Alto Senior High School nella California del nord, per una simulazione di evacuazione per attacco aereo; al suono della campanella gli studenti dovevano tornare al loro rifugio antiaereo e fingere di essere sopravvissuti a un attacco nucleare. Ritenendolo un atto di propaganda governativa, la Baez proseguì a leggere il suo libro rifiutandosi di lasciare l'aula e venne punita dagli insegnanti e ostracizzata dalla comunità come sospetta "infiltrata comunista"[senza fonte].

Diritti civili

Negli anni del movimento per i diritti civili, Joan affiancò Martin Luther King per la protezione degli studenti afroamericani a Grenada, nel Mississippi, e si unì a King nella sua marcia da Selma a Montgomery (marcia citata nel brano Christmas Time in Washington), in Alabama, cantando per i partecipanti nella città di St. Jude, dove si erano accampati per la notte. La registrazione del brano Birmingham Sunday (scritta dal cognato Richard Fariña), è parte della colonna sonora del film di Spike Lee 4 Little Girls su quattro ragazze uccise in un attentato a una chiesa afroamericana da parte di un gruppo razzista nel 1963.

Alla marcia su Washington, Martin Luther King fa riferimento più volte a Joan Baez e alla sua interpretazione dell'inno dei diritti civili, scritto da Pete Seeger, We Shall Overcome. Lo cantò di nuovo alla Sproul Plaza durante le manifestazioni alla UC Berkeley e in molte altre proteste. Nel 1966, Joan Baez si schierò con Cesar Chavez e i contadini immigrati della California nella loro lotta per migliori condizioni di lavoro; Joan cantò in sostegno della United Farmworkers Union (UFW) nel 1966, e nel 1972 fu al fianco di Chavez durante i suoi 24 giorni di digiuno; l'interpretazione di We Shall Overcome durante il digiuno è inserita nel film sulla UFW Si Se Puede (It Can Be Done).

Guerra in Vietnam

Sempre presente alle marce dei diritti civili, il suo impegno è aumentato con la guerra in Vietnam. Nel 1964 incitò pubblicamente alla resistenza fiscale, trattenendo il 6% delle sue tasse, la percentuale normalmente destinata ai fondi militari. Nel 1965, assieme al suo mentore Ira Sandperl, fondò l'Istituto per lo studio della Nonviolenza e nei suoi concerti incitava alla diserzione. Arrestata due volte nel 1967 per aver bloccato l'ingresso dell'Armed Forces Induction Center di Oakland, in California, è rimasta in carcere per più di un mese.

Ha partecipato a molte marce contro la guerra, proteste a New York organizzate dal Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, a cominciare dalla Fifth Avenue Peace Parade del marzo del 1966, e altre importanti iniziative fra cui nel 1967 un libero concerto al Monumento a Washington, contestato dal movimento conservativo delle Daughters of the American Revolution e che attrasse 30.000 persone per ascoltare il messaggio pacifista della Baez, ancora nel 1969 le proteste del Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, fino alla celebrazione di Phil Ochs, "The War is Over", nel maggio 1975 a New York.

Nel Natale 1972, si unì a una delegazione pacifista (fra cui vi era l'avvocato per i diritti umani Telford Taylor), che attraversava il Vietnam del Nord, per sostenere i diritti umani e per consegnare la posta di natale ai prigionieri di guerra americani. Mentre si trovava ad Hanoi vi fu il "Bombardamento di Natale" durante il quale la città venne bombardata ininterrottamente per 11 giorni. Negli anni settanta aiutò la fondazione di una sezione americana di Amnesty International.

Le sue critiche alle violazioni dei diritti umani da parte del governo vietnamita la resero sempre più critica del regime e il 30 maggio 1979 pubblicò su quattro grandi giornali americani un'inserzione pubblicitaria di una pagina intera, denunciando la barbarie del regime comunista, il che l'allontanava da parte della sinistra americana che sosteneva in tutto e per tutto il governo vietnamita. In una lettera di risposta, Jane Fonda disse che non aveva le prove delle denunce della Baez relative alle atrocità del Partito Comunista di Kampuchea.

Diritti umani

La sua esperienza in Vietnam la porta a fondare il suo proprio gruppo per la difesa dei diritti umani, Humanitas International, che si occupa di denunciare le oppressioni dei governi sia di destra che di sinistra. Nel 1981 le sue critiche ai diritti umani di Cile, Brasile e Argentina le impediscono di esibirsi in quei paesi; mentre si trovava in queste nazioni venne tenuta sotto sorveglianza e minacciata di morte. Incise anche un album di cover di musicisti cileni, Gracias a la vida, dedicato ai cileni e alla memoria di Salvador Allende, avvenuta nel golpe voluto dalla CIA e dall'amministrazione Nixon.

Un film dello sfortunato tour There but for Fortune, venne mostrato sulla PBS nel 1982. In seguito intraprese un secondo viaggio nel sudest asiatico per portare medicinali nella Cambogia occidentale e partecipò a una conferenza umanitaria delle Nazioni Unite a Kampuchea (Cambogia). Il 17 luglio 2006, la Baez ha ricevuto il Distinguished Leadership Award dalla Legal Community Against Violence ed è stata indetta una cena in suo onore per il suo impegno costante contro ogni tipo di violenza.

Diritti di gay e lesbiche

Joan Baez ha avuto un grande ruolo nelle battaglie per i diritti civili degli omosessuali; nel 1978 si esibì in molti concerti di beneficenza contro la Proposizione 6 (detta anche "Iniziativa Briggs"), che proponeva il licenziamento di tutti gli insegnanti omosessuali dalle scuole pubbliche della California. Nello stesso anno partecipò a marce commemorative per Harvey Milk, legislatore di San Francisco assassinato da un ex collega. Negli anni novanta è apparsa assieme all'amica Janis Ian a un concerto di beneficenza per la National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, e si è esibita alla San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Pride March. Il suo brano Altar Boy and the Thief, dall'album del 1977 Blowin' Away, è dedicato ai suoi fans gay.

Cause ambientaliste

Il giorno dell'Earth Day, nel 1998, Joan Baez e l'amica Bonnie Raitt sono salite in cima a una sequoia per fare visita all'attivista ambientalista Julia Butterfly Hill, che si era accampata lì per proteggere l'albero dagli speculatori. Nel 2006, di nuovo assieme a Julia Butterfly Hill, va a vivere su un albero in un parco collettivo di 5,7 ettari dove dal 1992 circa 350 immigrati latino-americani vivono coltivando frutta e verdura. Lo scopo è protestare contro lo sfratto degli abitanti per abbattere il parco e costruire uno stabilimento industriale.

Guerra in Iraq

Nel 2003 la Baez si è esibita davanti a centinaia di migliaia di persone in due proteste contro l'invasione statunitense dell'Iraq, a San Francisco (lo stesso aveva fatto nel 1991 per la Guerra del Golfo). Nell'agosto 2003, è stata invitata da Emmylou Harris (che definisce la Baez come la sua più grande ispiratrice) e Steve Earle a unirsi a loro a Londra al concerto per contro le mine antiuomo. Nel 2004 si è unita a Michael Moore nello Slacker Uprising Tour nei college statunitensi, incoraggiando i giovani a votare per candidati pacifisti. Nel 2005 la Baez è apparsa nella protesta contro la guerra in Texas, nata per iniziativa di Cindy Sheehan. Sempre nel 2005 ha cantato Swing Low, Sweet Chariot e Amazing Grace a Black Rock City durante il Burning Man Festival, come tributo alle vittime di New Orleans dell'Uragano Katrina, per poi continuare a esibirsi a Washington ad altre manifestazioni contro la guerra. Durante la presidenza Bush, in tutti i concerti la Baez dedica a Michael Moore il brano Joe Hill e, nelle date all'estero, prima di iniziare il concerto, dice nella lingua locale: «Chiedo scusa per quello che il mio governo sta facendo al mondo!»

Opposizione alla pena di morte

Nel dicembre 2005, Joan Baez è apparsa alla protesta del Carcere di San Quintino in California, contro l'esecuzione di Tookie Williams. In quell'occasione ha cantato Swing Low, Sweet Chariot, la stessa canzone che aveva cantato, sempre a San Quintino, nel 1992 per protestare contro l'esecuzione di Robert Alton Harris, il primo uomo a essere ucciso in California dopo la reintroduzione della pena di morte.

Povertà

Il 23 maggio 2006, la Baez si unì di nuovo a "Butterfly" Hill in un sit-in su una sequoia alla South Central Farm, in una periferia povera di Los Angeles e insieme vi hanno trascorso la notte, protestando contro l'espropriazione ai danni dei contadini e la demolizione della più grande fattoria della città. Poiché la maggior parte dei contadini sono immigrati sudamericani, la Baez interpretò molte volte brani dal suo album spagnolo del 1974 Gracias a la Vida, fra cui Gracias a la vida e No Nos Moverán.

Elezioni presidenziali 2008

Nella sua carriera la Baez non si è mai lasciata coinvolgere dai partiti politici, ma il 3 febbraio 2008 scrisse una lettera all'editore del San Francisco Chronicle per sostenere Barack Obama nelle Elezioni presidenziali statunitensi del 2008. Scrisse:

«In tutti questi anni ho scelto di non essere coinvolta nei partiti politici... ma oggi la cosa più responsabile da fare è cambiare il mio atteggiamento. Se qualcuno può navigare le acque contaminate di Washington, sollevare i poveri e chiedere ai ricchi di condividere la loro ricchezza, quello è il senatore Barack Obama»

Suonando sul palco del Glastonbury Festival nel giugno 2008, la Baez disse che uno dei motivi per cui le piace Obama è che le ricorda un suo vecchio amico: Martin Luther King. Prima di Obama la Baez non aveva mai appoggiato un candidato politico, sebbene nella sua autobiografia E una voce per cantare (1987) abbia dichiarato di essere andata a votare due volte "contro Richard Nixon" (quindi, probabilmente per Hubert Humphrey e George McGovern).

Popolo iraniano

Nel giugno 2009 pubblica su YouTube un video in cui canta We Shall Overcome con alcune strofe in farsi per solidarietà con il popolo iraniano durante la repressione delle manifestazioni di popolo contro le frodi elettorali del regime di Ahmadinejad. Lo ha registrato a casa sua e ha caricato il video su YouTube Joan Baez - We Shall Overcome (2009) - YouTube e sul suo sito personale.

Vita personale

Primi anni

Il suo primo vero ragazzo fu un giovane di nome Michael New, ai tempi del college. Anni dopo, nel 1979, le ispirò il brano Michael; era uno studente di Trinidad, Caraibi, il quale, come Joan, frequentava i corsi solo occasionalmente. A quei tempi però Baez era incapace di gestire sia una relazione sentimentale, sia la sua nascente carriera musicale; si lasciarono e si rimisero assieme varie volte, ma Michael non riusciva a convivere con il crescente successo locale di Joan e una sera Joan lo vide baciare un'altra donna, ma ciononostante rimasero insieme diverso tempo, anche dopo che i due si trasferirono assieme in California.

Nella sua autobiografia la Baez parla di un suo rapporto sentimentale giovanile con una donna. Aveva 19 anni e la storia durò per un anno. Negli anni sessanta ebbe una relazione con il giornalista italiano Furio Colombo.

Bob Dylan

Joan incontrò Dylan per la prima volta nel 1961 al Gerde's Folk City del Greenwich Village. A quel tempo Joan aveva già pubblicato il suo album di debutto e la sua popolarità come "Regina del Folk" emergente stava crescendo. Baez inizialmente non fu affatto colpita da quel "montanaro urbano", ma rimase impressionata da una delle sue prime composizioni, Song to Woody, e gli disse di volerla incidere (anche se non lo fece mai).

Quanto a Bob, era più interessato alla sorella minore Mimi, ma sotto lo sguardo indiscreto dei media attorno a lui e Joan, il loro legame iniziò a diventare qualcosa di più. Nel 1963, Joan aveva già pubblicato tre album, due dei quali disco d'oro, e invitò Dylan a cantare al suo fianco al Newport Folk Festival, dove interpretarono assieme il brano di Dylan With God on Our Side, il primo di un'innumerevole serie di duetti fra i due. Normalmente durante il tour, Joan invitava Bob a cantare sul palco, sia con lei sia da solo.

Prima di incontrare Bob i brani della Baez erano Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream, We Shall Overcome e alcuni brani spirituals ma, come dichiarò lei più tardi, i brani di Dylan aggiornarono i suoi temi di protesta e richiesta di giustizia. Con il tour di Dylan del 1965 nel Regno Unito, dopo due anni di intensa relazione sentimentale con Joan, il rapporto cominciò a raffreddarsi; il tour e la fine del rapporto con Joan sono raccontati nel film documentario del regista e produttore D. A. Pennebaker Dont Look Back.

Nonostante le incomprensioni, alla fine i due seppellirono l'ascia di guerra e andarono in tour assieme, come parte del tour di Dylan Rolling Thunder Revue, nel 1975-76. Joan Baez ha interpretato anche il ruolo della "Donna in bianco" nel film di Bob Dylan del 1978 Renaldo and Clara. Dylan e la Baez (assieme a Carlos Santana) andarono in tour assieme nuovamente nel 1984. Le sue riflessioni su tale rapporto sono poi apparse nel documentario del 2005 di Martin Scorsese, No Direction Home: Bob Dylan

Joan Baez compose almeno due brani su Dylan. In To Bobby, del 1972, implorava Dylan di ritornare all'attivismo politico; nella celeberrima Diamonds & Rust, dall'omonimo album del 1975, ricorda in modo diretto ed esplicito i suoi sentimenti per lui. Quanto ai riferimenti alla Baez nei brani di Dylan, sono meno espliciti; Joan Baez stessa ha dichiarato che i brani Visions of Johanna e Mama, You Been on My Mind ne risentono, anche se il secondo era più influenzato dalla relazione di lui con Suze Rotolo. Sia per i brani Visions of Johanna e She Belongs to Me che per altri brani che si suppongono riferiti a Joan, né Dylan né i suoi biografi come Clinton Heylin o Michael Gray hanno mai dichiarato qualcosa di specifico.

David Harris

Nell'ottobre del 1967, Joan Baez, sua madre e un'altra settantina di donne furono arrestate per aver bloccato l'ingresso di giovani reclute all'Oakland California induction center, in sostegno dei giovani che rifiutavano la leva. Furono incarcerate nella prigione di Santa Rita e lì Joan incontrò David Harris, il quale, pur trovandosi nel settore maschile, riuscì regolarmente a fare visita a Joan. All'uscita dal carcere, Joan si trasferì nella sua comune di oppositori alla leva nelle colline sopra Stanford. Dopo appena tre mesi dal loro primo incontro, decisero di sposarsi; la notizia fece impazzire letteralmente i media, la rivista TIME lo definì il matrimonio del secolo.

Dopo aver trovato un prete pacifista, una chiesa decorata con simboli della pace, in una cerimonia che unisse le religioni episcopale e quacchera, i due si sposarono a New York il 26 marzo 1968. L'amica e collega di Joan Judy Collins cantò alla cerimonia. Dopo il matrimonio, Joan Baez-Harris e il marito si trasferirono a Los Altos Hills in una tenuta di 10 acri (4 ettari) chiamata Struggle Mountain, parte di una comune dove si prendevano cura dei giardini e praticavano un rigido vegetarismo. Poco dopo il marito rifiutò la leva e venne arrestato. Il 15 luglio 1969 un'auto militare lo prelevò a Struggle Mountain, lasciando Joan sola e incinta.

Nonostante l'arresto del marito e la gravidanza palese, si esibì a Woodstock, dove cantò vari brani nel primissimo mattino. Carry It On, come dimostra il documentario prodotto dalla The New Film Company, Inc. e trasformato poi in una pièce teatrale. Il film documenta anche l'arresto di Harris e parte del successivo tour di Joan. Fra i brani di Joan scritti in questo periodo ci sono A Song for David, Myths, Prison Trilogy (Billy Rose) e Fifteen Months (i 15 mesi della detenzione di Harris). Il figlio, Gabriel Harris, nacque nel dicembre 1969. Harris venne rilasciato dal carcere del Texas, ma la relazione precipitò e la coppia divorziò nel 1973, mantenendo la custodia congiunta del figlio. Nella sua autobiografia Joan scrisse:

Non si è mai risposata.

Relazioni successive

Ha frequentato, fra gli anni settanta e ottanta, il cofondatore della Apple, Steve Jobs. Molte fonti (fra cui il biografo Jeffrey Young) dichiarano che Jobs aveva pensato di chiederle di sposarlo, ma l'età di Joan (quasi 40), rendeva improbabile la possibilità per i due di avere figli. Baez parla di Jobs nella sua autobiografia And a Voice to Sing With. Joan Baez è stata legata sentimentalmente anche a Mickey Hart dei The Grateful Dead negli anni ottanta. Graham Nash, nella sua autobiografia Wild Tales, A Rock'n'roll in Life del 2013, tradotta in italiano come Wild Tales - La mia vita rock'n'roll, rivelò di una sua relazione con Stephen Stills: secondo quanto racconta Nash, la canzone Dark Star, pubblicata nell'album CSN del 1977 si riferirebbe proprio alla fine della relazione tra Stills e la Baez.

Influenza culturale

Nella colonna sonora del film del 2004, Eulogy, è presente il brano Diamonds & Rust.

L'inno Here's to you (con musica di Ennio Morricone e testo della Baez), parte della colonna sonora del film del 1971 Sacco e Vanzetti, divenne un inno del movimento dei diritti civili ed è presente nella colonna sonora del film del 2004 Le avventure acquatiche di Steve Zissou, nel documentario del 1977 Deutschland im Herbst e recentemente nei videogiochi Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots e Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes.

Il fumettista Al Capp, creatore del fumetto Li'l Abner, negli anni sessanta esprimeva le sue idee destrorse con la satira del personaggio di Joan Baez nel personaggio della cantante folk "Joanie Phoanie", una comunista radicale che cantava canzoni sulla lotta di classe e poi viaggiando in limousine e chiedendo alti compensi per impoverire gli orfani. Capp faceva cantare al suo personaggio bizzarre canzoni come A Tale of Bagels and Bacon e Molotov Cocktails for Two. Nel 1966 la Baez si dichiarò sconvolta dalla parodia, ma recentemente ha detto di esserne più divertita. "Vorrei averne potuto ridere a quel tempo", ha scritto sotto una delle strisce del fumetto, riprodotta nella sua autobiografia. "Il signor Capp mi ha considerevolmente fraintesa. Mi spiace che non sia più in vita, l'avrebbe fatto ridere" (dall'autobiografia And a Voice to Sing With, 1987).

L'album satirico del 1972 National Lampoon's Radio Dinner include una parodia di Joan Baez, Pull the Triggers, Niggers ("premete il grilletto, negri", deliberatamente scritto sbagliato: "Pull the Tregroes"), interpretato alla maniera di Joan Baez da Diana Reed. La canzone fa riferimento all'episodio in cui l'ex compagno della Baez, Bob Dylan, aveva esplicitamente difeso le Pantere Nere e George Jackson, condannato per omicidio.

Spike Lee usa la cover di Joan Baez del 1964 del brano del cognato Richard Fariña, Birmingham Sunday, come sigla del suo film del 1997 film 4 Little Girls.

Il suo nome appare nella sezione "Ringraziamenti speciali" del film di Michael Moore Fahrenheit 9/11; in risposta nel 2003 la Baez ha dedicato a Moore l'album Dark Chords on a Big Guitar.

Discografia

Album in studio

  • 1959 - Folksingers 'Round Harvard Square (Veritas Records, XTV 62202-3)
  • 1960 - Joan Baez (Vanguard Records, VRS-9078/VSD-2077)
  • 1961 - Joan Baez, Vol. 2 (Vanguard Records, VRS-9094/VSD-2097)
  • 1962 - Joan Baez in Concert (Vanguard Records, VRS-9112/VSD-2122) Live
  • 1963 - Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2 (Vanguard Records, VRS-9113/VSD-2123) Live
  • 1964 - Joan Baez/5 (Vanguard Records, VRS-9160/VSD-79160)
  • 1965 - Farewell, Angelina (Vanguard Records, VRS-9200/VSD-79200)
  • 1966 - Noël (Vanguard Records, VRS-9230/VSD-79230)
  • 1967 - Joan (Vanguard Records, VRS-9240/VSD-79240)
  • 1967 - Joan Baez in Italy (Vanguard Records, VSD-33013) Live
  • 1968 - Baptism: A Journey Through Our Time (Vanguard Records, VSD-79275)
  • 1968 - Any Day Now (Vanguard Records, VSD 79306)
  • 1969 - David's Album (Vanguard Records, VSD 79308)
  • 1970 - One Day at a Time (Vanguard Records, VSD 79310)
  • 1970 - 24 luglio 1970 Joan Baez all'Arena Civica di Milano (Vanguard Records, SVAL 33.019) Live
  • 1970 - The First 10 Years (Vanguard Records, VSD-6560/1) Raccolta
  • 1971 - Blessed Are... (Vanguard Records, VSD 6570/1)
  • 1971 - Carry It On (Vanguard Records, VSD-79313) Colonna sonora
  • 1972 - Come from the Shadows (A&M Records, SP-4339)
  • 1972 - The Joan Baez Ballad Book (Vanguard Records, VSD-41/42) Raccolta
  • 1973 - Where Are You Now, My Son? (A&M Records, SP-4390)
  • 1973 - Hits/Greatest & Others (Vanguard Records, VSD-79332) Raccolta
  • 1974 - Gracias a la vida (A&M Records, SP-3614)
  • 1974 - The Contemporary Ballad Book (Vanguard Records, VSD 49/50) Raccolta, 2 LP
  • 1975 - Diamonds & Rust (A&M Records, SP-4527)
  • 1976 - From Every Stage (A&M Records, SP-3704) Live
  • 1976 - The Joan Baez Lovesong Album (Vanguard Records, VSD-79/80) Raccolta, 2 LP
  • 1976 - Gulf Winds (A&M Records, SP-4603)
  • 1977 - Blowin' Away (Portrait Records, PR 34697)
  • 1977 - The Best of Joan C. Baez (A&M Records, SP-4668) Raccolta
  • 1979 - Honest Lullaby (Portrait Records, JR 35766)
  • 1979 - The Joan Baez Country Music Album (Vanguard Records, VSD-105/6) Raccolta
  • 1979 - Satisfied Mind (Book-of-the-Mont Records, 40-5711) Raccolta
  • 1980 - European Tour (Portrait Records, PRT 84790) Live
  • 1982 - Very Early Joan (Vanguard Records, VSD-79446/7) Raccolta, 2 LP
  • 1984 - Live Europe '83 - Children of the Eighties (Ariola Records, 205.742) Live
  • 1987 - The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down (Vanguard Records, VMS-73119) Raccolta
  • 1987 - A&M Classics, Volume 8 (A&M Records, CD-2506) Raccolta
  • 1987 - Recently (Gold Castle Records, 171 004-1)
  • 1988 - Joan Baez in Concert (Vanguard Records, VCD-113/114) Raccolta, live
  • 1988 - Diamonds and Rust in the Bullring (Gold Castle Records, 7243 8 42970 2 2) Live
  • 1989 - Speaking of Dreams (Gold Castle Records, D2 71324)
  • 1991 - Brothers in Arms (Gold Castle Records, D4-71363) Raccolta
  • 1992 - No Woman, No Cry (Laserlight Records, 79-450) Raccolta
  • 1992 - Play Me Backwards (Virgin Records, 0777 7 86458 2 5)
  • 1993 - Rare, Live & Classic (Vanguard Records, VCC4-125/127) Raccolta, box di 3 CD
  • 1995 - The Best of Joan Baez (Vanguard Records, 505-4) Raccolta
  • 1995 - Ring Them Bells (Guardian Records, 7243 8 34989 2 5) Live
  • 1996 - Greatest Hits (A&M Records, 31454-0510-4) Raccolta
  • 1996 - Live at Newport (Vanguard Records, 77015-2) Live
  • 1997 - Gone from Danger (Guardian Records, 8 23026-2)
  • 2003 - Dark Chords on a Big Guitar (Koch Records, KOC-CD 8622)
  • 2005 - Bowery Songs (Proper Records Records, PRPCD029) Live
  • 2008 - Day After Tomorrow (Razor & Tie Records, RTADV830022)
  • 2011 - Play Me Backwards Collectors Edition (Proper Records, PRPCD078) Riedizione in 2 cd: Play Me Backwards + The Play Me Backwards Demos
  • 2014 - Diamantes (Proper Records, PRPCD129) Live
  • 2016 - 75th Birthday Celebration (Razor & Tie Records, JB000022) Live 2 cd + DVD
  • 2018 - Whistle Down the Wind

Onorificenze

Onorificenze statunitensi

Onorificenze straniere

«Sono fatta per vivere da sola»


Kennedy Center Honors

— 6 giugno 2021

Dama dell'Ordine delle Arti e delle Lettere di Spagna (Spagna)

— 5 marzo 2010

 

Joan Chandos Baez (/bz/; born January 9, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and activist. Her contemporary folk music often includes songs of protest and social justice. Baez has performed publicly for over 60 years, releasing over 30 albums. Fluent in Spanish and English, she has also recorded songs in at least six other languages.

Baez is generally regarded as a folk singer, but her music has diversified since the counterculture era of the 1960s and encompasses genres such as folk rock, pop, country, and gospel music. She began her recording career in 1960 and achieved immediate success. Her first three albums, Joan Baez, Joan Baez, Vol. 2 and Joan Baez in Concert, all achieved gold record status. Although a songwriter herself, Baez generally interprets other composers' work, having recorded songs by the Allman Brothers Band, the Beatles, Jackson Browne, Leonard Cohen, Woody Guthrie, Violeta Parra, the Rolling Stones, Pete Seeger, Paul Simon, Stevie Wonder, Bob Marley, and many others. She was one of the first major artists to record the songs of Bob Dylan in the early 1960s; Baez was already an internationally celebrated artist and did much to popularize his early songwriting efforts. On her later albums she has found success interpreting the work of more recent songwriters, including Ryan Adams, Josh Ritter, Steve Earle, Natalie Merchant, and Joe Henry.

Baez's acclaimed songs include "Diamonds & Rust" and covers of Phil Ochs's "There but for Fortune" and The Band's "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down". She is also known for "Farewell, Angelina", "Love Is Just a Four-Letter Word", "Forever Young", "Here's to You", "Joe Hill", "Sweet Sir Galahad" and "We Shall Overcome". Baez performed fourteen songs at the 1969 Woodstock Festival and has displayed a lifelong commitment to political and social activism in the fields of nonviolence, civil rights, human rights, and the environment. Baez was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7, 2017.

 

Early life

Baez was born in Staten Island, New York, on January 9, 1941. Her grandfather, the Reverend Alberto Baez, left the Catholic Church to become a Methodist minister and moved to the U.S. when her father was two years old. Her father, Albert Baez (1912–2007), was born in Puebla, Mexico, and grew up in Brooklyn, New York, where his father preached to—and advocated for—a Spanish-speaking congregation. Albert first considered becoming a minister but instead turned to the study of mathematics and physics and received his PhD degree at Stanford University in 1950. Albert was later credited as a co-inventor of the x-ray microscope. Joan's cousin, John C. Baez, is a mathematical physicist.

Her mother, Joan Chandos Baez (née Bridge), referred to as Joan Senior or "Big Joan", was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the second daughter of an English Anglican priest who claimed to be descended from the Dukes of Chandos. Born in April 1913, she died on April 20, 2013.

Baez had two sisters, Pauline Thalia Baez Bryan (1938–2016), also known as Pauline Marden, and Margarita Mimi Baez Fariña (1945–2001), who was better known as Mimi Fariña. They both were political activists and musicians.

The Baez family converted to Quakerism during Joan's early childhood, and she has continued to identify with the tradition, particularly in her commitment to pacifism and social issues. While growing up, Baez was subjected to racial slurs and discrimination because of her Mexican heritage. Consequently, she became involved with a variety of social causes early in her career. She declined to play in any white student venues that were segregated, which meant that when she toured the Southern states, she would play only at black colleges.

Owing to her father's work with UNESCO, their family moved many times, living in towns across the U.S. as well as in England, France, Switzerland, Spain, Canada, and the Middle East, including Iraq. Joan Baez became involved with a variety of social causes early in her career, including civil rights and nonviolence. Social justice, she stated in the PBS series American Masters, is the true core of her life, "looming larger than music". Baez spent much of her formative youth living in the San Francisco Bay area, where she graduated from Palo Alto High School in 1958.

Music career

The opening line of Baez's memoir And a Voice to Sing With is "I was born gifted" (referring to her singing voice, which she explained was given to her and for which she can take no credit). A friend of Joan's father gave her a ukulele. She learned four chords, which enabled her to play rhythm and blues, the music she was listening to at the time. Her parents, however, were fearful that the music would lead her into a life of drug addiction. When Baez was 13, her aunt took her to a concert by folk musician Pete Seeger, and Baez found herself strongly moved by his music. She soon began practicing the songs of his repertoire and performing them publicly. One of her very earliest public performances was at a retreat in Saratoga, California, for a youth group from Temple Beth Jacob, a Redwood City, California, Jewish congregation. A few years later, in 1957, Baez bought her first Gibson acoustic guitar.

College music scene in Massachusetts

In 1958, after Baez graduated from high school, her father accepted a faculty position at MIT and moved his family from the San Francisco area to Boston, Massachusetts. At that time, it was in the center of the up-and-coming folk-music scene, and Baez began performing near home in Boston and nearby Cambridge. She also performed in clubs and attended Boston University for about six weeks. In 1958, at the Club 47 in Cambridge, she gave her first concert. When designing the poster for the performance, Baez considered changing her performing name to either Rachel Sandperl, the surname of her longtime mentor Ira Sandperl, or Maria from the song "They Call the Wind Maria". She later opted against doing so, fearing that people would accuse her of changing her last name because it was Spanish. The audience consisted of her parents, her sister Mimi, her boyfriend, and a few friends, resulting in a total of eight patrons. She was paid ten dollars. Baez was later asked back and began performing twice a week for $25 per show.

A few months later, Baez and two other folk enthusiasts made plans to record an album in the cellar of a friend's house. The three sang solos and duets and a family friend designed the album cover, which was released on Veritas Records that same year as Folksingers 'Round Harvard Square. Baez later met Bob Gibson and Odetta, who were at the time two of the most prominent vocalists singing folk and gospel music. Baez cites Odetta as a primary influence along with Marian Anderson and Pete Seeger. Gibson invited Baez to perform with him at the 1959 Newport Folk Festival, where the two sang two duets, "Virgin Mary Had One Son" and "We Are Crossing Jordan River". The performance generated substantial praise for the "barefoot Madonna" with the otherworldly voice, and it was this appearance that led to Baez signing with Vanguard Records the following year, although Columbia Records tried to sign her first. Baez later claimed that she felt she would be given more artistic license at a more "low key" label. Baez's nickname at the time, "Madonna", has been attributed to her clear voice, long hair, and natural beauty, and to her role as "Earth Mother".

First albums and 1960s breakthrough

 Her true professional career began at the 1959 Newport Folk Festival. Following that appearance, she recorded her first album for Vanguard, Joan Baez (1960), produced by Fred Hellerman of The Weavers, who produced many albums by folk artists. The collection of traditional folk ballads, blues, and laments sung to her own guitar accompaniment sold moderately well. It featured many popular Child Ballads of the day and was recorded in only four days in the ballroom of New York City's Manhattan Towers Hotel. The album also included "El Preso Numero Nueve", a song sung entirely in Spanish, which she would re-record in 1974 for inclusion on her Spanish-language album Gracias a la Vida.

She made her New York concert debut on November 5, 1960, at the 92nd Street Y and on November 11, 1961, Baez played her first major New York concert at a sold-out performance at Town Hall. Robert Shelton, folk critic of the New York Times, praised the concert, saying, "That superb soprano voice, as lustrous and rich as old gold, flowed purely all evening with a wondrous ease. Her singing (unwound) like a spool of satin." Years later when Baez thought back to that concert, she laughed, saying: "I remember in 1961 my manager sending me this newspaper (clipping) in the mail (which) read, 'Joan Baez Town Hall Concert, SRO.' I thought SRO meant 'sold right out.' I was so innocent of it all."

Her second release, Joan Baez, Vol. 2 (1961), went "gold", as did Joan Baez in Concert, Part 1 (1962) and Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2 (1963). Like its immediate predecessor, Joan Baez, Vol. 2 contained strictly traditional material. Her two albums of live material, Joan Baez in Concert, Part 1 and its second counterpart were unique in that unlike most live albums, they contained only new songs rather than established favorites. It was Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2 that featured Baez's first-ever Dylan cover.

From the early to mid 1960s, Baez emerged at the forefront of the American roots revival, where she introduced her audiences to the then-unknown Bob Dylan and was emulated by artists such as Judy Collins, Emmylou Harris, Joni Mitchell, and Bonnie Raitt. On November 23, 1962, Baez appeared on the cover of Time Magazine—a rare honor then for a musician.

Though primarily an album artist, several of Baez's singles have charted, the first being her 1965 cover of Phil Ochs' "There but for Fortune", which became a mid-level chart hit in the U.S. and a top-ten single in the United Kingdom. 

Baez added other instruments to her recordings on Farewell, Angelina (1965), which features several Dylan songs interspersed with more traditional fare.  

Deciding to experiment with different styles, Baez turned to Peter Schickele, a classical music composer, who provided classical orchestration for her next three albums: Noël (1966), Joan (1967), and Baptism: A Journey Through Our Time (1968). Noël was a Christmas album of traditional material, while Baptism was akin to a concept album, featuring Baez reading and singing poems written by celebrated poets such as James Joyce, Federico García Lorca, and Walt Whitman. Joan featured interpretations of work by then-contemporary composers, including John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Tim Hardin, Paul Simon, and Donovan.

In 1968, Baez traveled to Nashville, Tennessee, where a marathon recording session resulted in two albums. The first, Any Day Now (1968), consists exclusively of Dylan covers. The other, the country-music-infused David's Album (1969), was recorded for then-husband David Harris, a prominent anti-Vietnam War protester eventually imprisoned for draft resistance. Harris, a country music fan, turned Baez toward more complex country-rock influences beginning with David's Album.

Later in 1968, Baez published her first memoir, Daybreak (by Dial Press). In August 1969, her appearance at Woodstock in upstate New York raised her international musical and political profile, particularly after the successful release of the documentary film Woodstock (1970).

Beginning in the late 1960s, Baez began writing many of her own songs, beginning with "Sweet Sir Galahad" and "A Song For David", both songs appearing on her 1970 (I Live) One Day at a Time album; "Sweet Sir Galahad" was written about her sister Mimi's second marriage, while "A Song For David" was a tribute to Harris. One Day at a Time, like David's Album, featured a decidedly country sound.

Baez's distinctive vocal style and political activism had a significant impact on American popular music. She was one of the first musicians to use her popularity as a vehicle for social protest, singing and marching for human rights and peace. Pete Seeger, Odetta, and decades-long friend Harry Belafonte were her early social justice advocate influences. Baez came to be considered the "most accomplished interpretive folksinger/songwriter of the 1960s". Her appeal extended far beyond the folk music audience. Of her fourteen Vanguard albums, thirteen made the top 100 of Billboard's mainstream pop chart, eleven made the top forty, eight made the top twenty, and four made the top ten.

1970s and the end of Vanguard years

After eleven years with Vanguard, Baez decided in 1971 to cut ties with the label that had released her albums since 1960. She delivered Vanguard one last success with the gold-selling album Blessed Are... (1971), which included a top-ten hit in "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down", her cover of The Band's signature song. With Come from the Shadows (1972), Baez switched to A&M Records, where she remained for four years and six albums.

Joan Baez wrote "The Story of Bangladesh" in 1971. This song was based on the Pakistani army crackdown on unarmed sleeping Bengali students at Dhaka University on March 25, 1971, which ignited the prolonged nine-month Bangladesh Liberation War. The song was later entitled "The Song of Bangladesh" and released in a 1972 album from Chandos Music.

During this period in late 1971, she reunited with composer Peter Schickele to record two tracks, "Rejoice in the Sun" and "Silent Running" for the science-fiction film Silent Running. The two songs were issued as a single on Decca (32890). In addition to this, another LP was released on Decca (DL 7-9188) and was later reissued by Varèse Sarabande on black (STV-81072) and green (VC-81072) vinyl. In 1998, a limited release on CD by the "Valley Forge Record Groupe" was released.

Baez's first album for A&M, Come from the Shadows, was recorded in Nashville, and included a number of more personal compositions, including "Love Song to a Stranger" and "Myths", as well as work by Mimi Farina, John Lennon, and Anna Marly.

Where Are You Now, My Son? (1973) featured a 23-minute title song which took up all of the B-side of the album. Half spoken word poem and half tape-recorded sounds, the song documented Baez's visit to Hanoi, North Vietnam, in December 1972 during which she and her traveling companions survived the 11-day-long Christmas Bombings campaign over Hanoi and Haiphong. (See Vietnam War in Civil rights section below.)

Gracias a la Vida (1974) (the title song written and first performed by Chilean folk singer Violeta Parra) followed and was a success in both the U.S. and Latin America. It included the song "Cucurrucucú paloma". Flirting with mainstream pop music as well as writing her own songs for Diamonds & Rust (1975), the album became the highest selling of Baez's career and included a second top-ten single in the form of the title track.

After Gulf Winds (1976), an album of entirely self-composed songs and From Every Stage (1976), a live album that had Baez performing songs "from every stage" of her career, Baez again parted ways with a record label when she moved to CBS Records for Blowin' Away (1977) and Honest Lullaby (1979).

1980s and 1990s

In 1980, Baez was given honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degrees by Antioch University and Rutgers University for her political activism and the "universality of her music". In 1983, she appeared on the Grammy Awards, performing Dylan's anthemic "Blowin' in the Wind", a song she first performed twenty years earlier.

Baez also played a significant role in the 1985 Live Aid concert for African famine relief, opening the U.S. segment of the show in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has toured on behalf of many other causes, including Amnesty International's 1986 A Conspiracy of Hope tour and a guest spot on their subsequent Human Rights Now! tour.

Baez found herself without an American label for the release of Live Europe 83 (1984), which was released in Europe and Canada but not released commercially in the U.S. She did not have an American release until the album Recently (1987) on Gold Castle Records.

In 1987, Baez's second autobiography, called And a Voice to Sing With, was published and became a New York Times bestseller. That same year, she traveled to the Middle East to visit with and sing songs of peace for Israel and the Palestinians.

In May 1989, Baez performed at a music festival in communist Czechoslovakia called Bratislavská lýra. While there, she met future Czechoslovak president Václav Havel, whom she let carry her guitar so as to prevent his arrest by government agents. During her performance, she greeted members of Charter 77, a dissident human-rights group, which resulted in her microphone being shut off abruptly. Baez then proceeded to sing a cappella for the nearly four thousand gathered. Havel cited her as a great inspiration and influence in that country's Velvet Revolution, the revolution in which the Soviet-dominated Communist government there was overthrown.

Baez recorded two more albums with Gold Castle: Speaking of Dreams, (1989) and Brothers in Arms (1991). She then landed a contract with a major label, Virgin Records, recording Play Me Backwards (1992) for Virgin shortly before the company was purchased by EMI. She then switched to Guardian, with whom she produced a live album, Ring Them Bells (1995), and a studio album, Gone from Danger (1997).

In 1993, at the invitation of Refugees International and sponsored by the Soros Foundation, she traveled to the war-torn Bosnia and Herzegovina region of former-Yugoslavia in an effort to help bring more attention to the suffering there. She was the first major artist to perform in Sarajevo since the outbreak of the Yugoslav civil war.

In October of that year, Baez became the first major artist to perform in a professional concert presentation on Alcatraz Island (a former U.S. federal prison) in San Francisco, California, in a benefit for her sister Mimi's Bread and Roses organization. She later returned for another concert in 1996.

2000s

Beginning in 2001, Baez has had several successful long-term engagements as a lead character at San Francisco's Teatro ZinZanni. In August 2001, Vanguard began re-releasing Baez's first 13 albums, which she recorded for the label between 1960 and 1971. The reissues, being released through Vanguard's Original Master Series, feature digitally restored sound, unreleased bonus songs, new and original artwork, and new liner-note essays written by Arthur Levy. Likewise, her six A&M albums were reissued in 2003. 

In 2003, Baez was also a judge for the third annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers. Her album, Dark Chords on a Big Guitar (2003), features songs by composers half her age, while a November 2004 performance at New York City's Bowery Ballroom was recorded for a live release, Bowery Songs (2005).

On October 1, 2005, she performed at the Hardly Strictly Bluegrass festival, at San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. Then, on January 13, 2006, Baez performed at the funeral of Lou Rawls, where she led Jesse Jackson, Sr., Wonder, and others in the singing of "Amazing Grace". On June 6, 2006, Baez joined Bruce Springsteen on stage at his San Francisco concert, where the two performed the rolling anthem "Pay Me My Money Down". In September 2006, Baez contributed a live, retooled version of her classic song "Sweet Sir Galahad" to a Starbucks's exclusive XM Artist Confidential album. In the new version, she changed the lyric "here's to the dawn of their days" to "here's to the dawn of her days", as a tribute to her late sister Mimi, about whom Baez wrote the song in 1969. Later on, October 8, 2006, she appeared as a special surprise guest at the opening ceremony of the Forum 2000 international conference in Prague, Czech Republic. Her performance was kept secret from former Czech Republic President Havel until the moment she appeared on stage. Havel was a great admirer of both Baez and her work. During Baez's next visit to Prague, in April 2007, the two met again when she performed in front of a sold-out house at Prague's Lucerna Hall, a building erected by Havel's grandfather. On December 2, 2006, she made a guest appearance at the Oakland Interfaith Gospel Choir's Christmas Concert at the Paramount Theatre in Oakland, California. Her participation included versions of "Let Us Break Bread Together" and "Amazing Grace". She also joined the choir in the finale of "O Holy Night".

In February 2007, Proper Records reissued her live album Ring Them Bells (1995), which featured duets with artists ranging from Dar Williams and Mimi Fariña to the Indigo Girls and Mary Chapin Carpenter. The reissue features a 16-page booklet and six unreleased live tracks from the original recording sessions, including "Love Song to a Stranger", "You Ain't Goin' Nowhere", "Geordie", "Gracias a la Vida", "The Water Is Wide" and "Stones in the Road", bringing the total track listing to 21 songs (on two discs). In addition, Baez recorded a duet of "Jim Crow" with John Mellencamp which appears on his album Freedom's Road (2007). Also in February 2007, she received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. The day after receiving the honor, she appeared at the Grammy Awards ceremony and introduced a performance by the Dixie Chicks.[citation needed]

September 9, 2008, saw the release of the studio album Day After Tomorrow, produced by Steve Earle and featuring three of his songs. The album was Baez's first charting record in nearly three decades. On June 29, 2008, Baez performed on the acoustic stage at the Glastonbury Festival in Glastonbury, UK, playing out the final set to a packed audience.[citation needed] On July 6, 2008, she played at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Montreux, Switzerland. During the concert's finale, she spontaneously danced on stage with a band of African percussionists.

On August 2, 2009, Baez played at the 50th Newport Folk Festival, which also marked the 50th anniversary of her breakthrough performance at the first festival. On October 14, 2009, PBS aired an episode of its documentary series American Masters, entitled Joan Baez: How Sweet the Sound. It was produced and directed by Mary Wharton. A DVD and CD of the soundtrack were released at the same time.

2010s and 2020s

 

On April 4, 2017, Baez released on her Facebook page her first new song in 27 years, "Nasty Man", a protest song against US President Donald Trump, which became a viral hit. On April 7, 2017, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. On March 2, 2018, she released a new studio album entitled Whistle Down the Wind, which charted in many countries and was nominated for a Grammy, and undertook her "Fare Thee Well Tour" to support the album. On April 30, 2019, Baez told Rolling Stone that she had been approached to perform at the Woodstock 50 festival, but had turned the offer down for "it was too complicated to even get involved in" and her "instincts" were telling her "no".

On July 28, 2019, following dates across Europe, Joan Baez performed her final concert at Madrid's Teatro Real.

In 2021, it was announced that she would receive a 2020 Kennedy Center Honor in a ceremony that has been postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Social and political involvement

To reward her decades of dedicated activism, Baez was honoured with the Spirit of Americana/Free Speech award at the 2008 Americana Music Honors & Awards.

1950s

In 1956, Baez first heard Martin Luther King, Jr., speak about nonviolence, civil rights and social change, in a speech that brought tears to her eyes. Several years later, the two became friends, with Baez participating in many of the Civil Rights Movement demonstrations that King helped organize.

In 1958, at age 17, Baez committed her first act of civil disobedience by refusing to leave her Palo Alto High School classroom in Palo Alto, California, for an air raid drill.

Civil rights

The early years of Baez's career saw the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. become a prominent issue. Her performance of "We Shall Overcome", the civil rights anthem written by Pete Seeger and Guy Carawan, at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom permanently linked her to the song. Baez again sang "We Shall Overcome" in Sproul Plaza during the mid-1960s Free Speech Movement demonstrations at the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California, and at many other rallies and protests.

Her recording of the song "Birmingham Sunday" (1964), written by her brother-in-law, Richard Fariña, was used in the opening of 4 Little Girls (1997), Spike Lee's documentary film about the four young victims killed in the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.

In 1965, Baez announced that she would be opening a school to teach nonviolent protest. She also participated in the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches for voting rights.

In November 2017 as part of a release of documents from the National Archives that were supposed to relate to the assassination of John F. Kennedy, a 1968 FBI report alleged that Baez was involved in the 1960s in an intimate affair with Dr. Martin Luther King, an accusation described by history professor Clayborne Carson, the director of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute and a Stanford University, as "part of a smear campaign" against King.

I went to jail for 11 days for disturbing the peace; I was trying to disturb the war.

—Joan Baez, 1967 Pop Chronicles interview.

Vietnam War

Highly visible in civil-rights marches, Baez became more vocal about her disagreement with the Vietnam War. In 1964, she publicly endorsed resisting taxes by withholding sixty percent of her 1963 income taxes. In 1964, she founded the Institute for the Study of Nonviolence (along with her mentor Sandperl) and encouraged draft resistance at her concerts. The Institute for the Study of Nonviolence would later branch into the Resource Center for Nonviolence.

In 1966, Baez's autobiography, Daybreak, was released. It is the most detailed report of her life through 1966 and outlined her anti-war position, dedicating the book to men facing imprisonment for resisting the draft.

Baez was arrested twice in 1967 for blocking the entrance of the Armed Forces Induction Center in Oakland, California, and spent over a month in jail. (See also David Harris section below.)

She was a frequent participant in anti-war marches and rallies, including:

  • numerous protests in New York City organized by the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, starting with the March 1966 Fifth Avenue Peace Parade;
  • a conversation with husband David Harris at UCLA in 1968 discussing the resistance to the draft during the Vietnam war.
  • a free 1967 concert at the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C., that had been opposed by the Daughters of the American Revolution which attracted a crowd of 30,000 to hear her anti-war message;
  • the 1969 Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam protests.

There were many others, culminating in Phil Ochs's The War Is Over celebration in New York City in May 1975.

During the Christmas season 1972, Baez joined a peace delegation traveling to North Vietnam, both to address human rights in the region, and to deliver Christmas mail to American prisoners of war. During her time there, she was caught in the U.S. military's "Christmas bombing" of Hanoi, North Vietnam, during which the city was bombed for eleven straight days.

She was critical of Vietnam's government and organized the May 30, 1979, publication of a full-page advertisement (published in four major U.S. newspapers) in which the government was described as having created a nightmare. Her one-time anti-war ally, Jane Fonda, refused to join in Baez's criticism of Hanoi, leading to what was publicly described as a feud between the two.

Human rights

In 2016, Baez advocated for the Innocence Project and Innocence Network. At each concert, Baez informs the audience about the organizations' efforts to exhonerate the wrongfully convicted and reform the system to prevent such incidents.

Opposing the death penalty

In December 2005, Baez appeared and sang "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" at the California protest at the San Quentin State Prison against the execution of Tookie Williams. She had previously performed the same song at San Quentin at the 1992 vigil protesting the execution of Robert Alton Harris, the first man to be executed in California after the death penalty was reinstated. She subsequently lent her prestige to the campaign opposing the execution of Troy Davis by the State of Georgia.

LGBT rights

Baez has also been prominent in the struggle for gay and lesbian rights. In 1978, she performed at several benefit concerts to defeat the Briggs Initiative, which proposed banning openly gay people from teaching in public schools in California. Later that same year, she participated in memorial marches for the assassinated San Francisco city supervisor, Harvey Milk, who was openly gay.

In the 1990s, she appeared with her friend Janis Ian at a benefit for the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, a gay lobbying organization, and performed at the San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Pride March.

Her song "Altar Boy and the Thief" from Blowin' Away (1977) was written as a dedication to her gay fanbase.

Iran

On June 25, 2009, Baez created a special version of "We Shall Overcome" with a few lines of Persian lyrics in support of peaceful protests by Iranian people. She recorded it in her home and posted the video on YouTube and on her personal website. She dedicated the song "Joe Hill" to the people of Iran during her concert at Merrill Auditorium in Portland, Maine on July 31, 2009.

Environmental causes

On Earth Day 1999, Baez and Bonnie Raitt honored environmental activist Julia "Butterfly" Hill with Raitt's Arthur M. Sohcot Award in person on her 180-foot (55 m)-high redwood treetop platform, where Hill had camped to protect ancient redwoods in the Headwaters Forest from logging.

War in Iraq

In early 2003, Baez performed at two rallies of hundreds of thousands of people in San Francisco protesting the U.S. invasion of Iraq.

In August 2003, she was invited by Emmylou Harris and Steve Earle to join them in London, England, at the Concert For a Landmine-Free World.

In the summer of 2004, Baez joined Michael Moore's "Slacker uprising Tour" on American college campuses, encouraging young people to get out and vote for peace candidates in the upcoming presidential election.

In August 2005, Baez appeared at an anti-war protest in Crawford, Texas, which had been started by Cindy Sheehan.

Tree sit-in

On May 23, 2006, Baez once again joined Julia "Butterfly" Hill, this time in a "tree sit" in a giant tree on the site of the South Central Farm in a poor neighborhood of downtown Los Angeles, California. Baez and Hill were hoisted into the tree, where they remained overnight. The women, in addition to many other activists and celebrities, were protesting the imminent eviction of the community farmers and demolition of the site, which is the largest urban farm in the state. Because many of the South Central Farmers are immigrants from Central America, Baez sang several songs from her 1974 Spanish-language album, Gracias a la Vida, including the title track and "No Nos Moverán" ("We Shall Not Be Moved").

2008 presidential election

Throughout most of her career, Baez remained apprehensive about involving herself in party politics. However, on February 3, 2008, Baez wrote a letter to the editor at the San Francisco Chronicle endorsing Barack Obama in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. She noted: "Through all those years, I chose not to engage in party politics. ... At this time, however, changing that posture feels like the responsible thing to do. If anyone can navigate the contaminated waters of Washington, lift up the poor, and appeal to the rich to share their wealth, it is Sen. Barack Obama." Playing at the Glastonbury Festival in June, Baez said during the introduction of a song that one reason she likes Obama is because he reminds her of another old friend of hers: Martin Luther King, Jr.

Although a highly political figure throughout most of her career, Baez had never publicly endorsed a major political party candidate prior to Obama. However, after Obama was elected, she expressed that she would likely never do so again, saying in a 2013 interview in The Huffington Post that "In some ways I'm disappointed, but in some ways it was silly to expect more. If he had taken his brilliance, his eloquence, his toughness and not run for office he could have led a movement. Once he got in the Oval Office he couldn't do anything.".

She performed at the White House on February 10, 2010, as part of an evening celebrating the music associated with the civil rights movement, performing "We Shall Overcome".

Joan Baez Award

On March 18, 2011, Baez was honored by Amnesty International at its 50th Anniversary Annual General Meeting in San Francisco. The tribute to Baez was the inaugural event for the Amnesty International Joan Baez Award for Outstanding Inspirational Service in the Global Fight for Human Rights. Baez was presented with the first award in recognition of her human rights work with Amnesty International and beyond, and the inspiration she has given activists around the world. In future years, the award is to be presented to an artist – music, film, sculpture, paint or other medium – who has similarly helped advance human rights.

Occupy Wall Street

On November 11, 2011, Baez played as part of a musical concert for the protestors at Occupy Wall Street.[ Her three-song set included "Joe Hill", a cover of the Rolling Stones' "Salt of the Earth" and her own composition "Where's My Apple Pie?".

Catalan independence movement

Baez has been a strong defender of the Catalan independence movement. On July 21, 2019, she described jailed Catalan independence leaders as political prisoners. A few days later, on July 26, 2019, she visited former President of the Parliament of Catalonia Carme Forcadell in prison.

Other awards

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences elected her to fellowship in 2020.

Personal life

Early relationships

Baez's first real boyfriend was Michael New, a fellow student from Trinidad and Tobago whom she met at her college in the late 1950s. Years later in 1979, he inspired her song "Michael". Like Baez, he attended classes only occasionally. The two spent a considerable amount of time together, but Baez was unable to balance her blossoming career and her relationship. The two bickered and made up repeatedly, but it was apparent to Baez that New was beginning to resent her success and new-found local celebrity. One night she saw him kissing another woman on a street corner. Despite this, the relationship remained intact for several years after the two moved to California together in 1960.[citation needed]

Bob Dylan

 

Baez first met Dylan in April 1961 at Gerde's Folk City in New York City's Greenwich Village. At the time, Baez had already released her debut album and her popularity as the emerging "Queen of Folk" was on the rise. Baez was initially unimpressed with the "urban hillbilly", but was impressed with one of Dylan's first compositions, "Song to Woody" and remarked that she would like to record it.

By 1963, Baez had already released three albums, two of which had been certified gold, and she invited Dylan on stage to perform alongside her at the Newport Folk Festival. The two performed the Dylan composition "With God on Our Side", a performance that set the stage for many more duets like it in the months and years to come. Typically while on tour, Baez would invite Dylan to sing on stage partly by himself and partly with her, much to the chagrin of her fans.

Before meeting Dylan, Baez's topical songs were very few: "Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream", "We Shall Overcome", and an assortment of Negro spirituals. Baez would later say that Dylan's songs seemed to update the topics of protest and justice.

By the time of Dylan's 1965 tour of the UK, their relationship had slowly begun to fizzle out. The couple are captured in D. A. Pennebaker's documentary film Dont Look Back (1967).

Baez toured with Dylan as a performer on his Rolling Thunder Revue in 1975–76. She sang four songs with Dylan on the live album of the tour, The Bootleg Series Vol. 5: Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling Thunder Revue, released in 2002. Baez appeared with Dylan in the one-hour TV special Hard Rain, filmed at Fort Collins, Colorado, in May 1976. Baez also starred as 'The Woman in White' in the film Renaldo and Clara (1978), directed by Bob Dylan and filmed during the Rolling Thunder Revue. They performed together at the Peace Sunday anti-nuke concert in 1982. Dylan and Baez toured together again in 1984 along with Carlos Santana.

Baez discussed her relationship with Dylan in Martin Scorsese's documentary film No Direction Home (2005), and in the PBS American Masters biography of Baez, How Sweet the Sound (2009).

Baez wrote and composed at least three songs that were specifically about Dylan. In "To Bobby", written in 1972, she urged Dylan to return to political activism, while in "Diamonds & Rust", the title track from her 1975 album, she revisited her feelings for him in warm, yet direct terms. "Winds of the Old Days", also on the Diamonds & Rust album, is a bittersweet reminiscence about her time with "Bobby".

The references to Baez in Dylan's songs are far less clear. Baez herself has suggested that she was the subject of both "Visions of Johanna" and "Mama, You Been on My Mind", although the latter was more likely about his relationship with Suze Rotolo. Baez implied when speaking about the connection to "Diamonds and Rust" that "Lily, Rosemary and the Jack of Hearts" is, at least in part, a metaphor for Dylan's view of his relationship with her. As for "Like A Rolling Stone", "Visions of Johanna", "She Belongs to Me", and other songs alleged to have been written about Baez, neither Dylan nor biographers such as Clinton Heylin and Michael Gray have had anything definitive to say either way regarding the subject of these songs.

David Harris

In October 1967, Baez, her mother and nearly 70 other women were arrested at the Oakland, California, Armed Forces Induction Center for blocking its doorways to prevent entrance by young inductees, and in support of young men who refused military induction. They were incarcerated in the Santa Rita Jail, and it was here that Baez met David Harris, who was kept on the men's side but who still managed to visit with Baez regularly.

The two formed a close bond upon their release and Baez moved into his draft-resistance commune in the hills above Stanford, California. The pair had known each other for three months when they decided to wed. After confirming the news to Associated Press, media outlets began dedicating ample press to the impending nuptials (at one point, Time magazine referred to the event as the "Wedding of the Century").[citation needed]

After finding a pacifist preacher and a church outfitted with peace signs and writing a blend of Episcopalian and Quaker wedding vows, Baez and Harris married in New York City on March 26, 1968. Her friend Judy Collins sang at the ceremony. After the wedding, Baez and Harris moved into a home in the Los Altos Hills on 10 acres (4.0 hectares) of land called Struggle Mountain, part of a commune, where they tended gardens and were strict vegetarians.

A short time later, Harris refused induction into the armed forces and was indicted. On July 16, 1969, Harris was taken by federal marshals to prison. Baez was visibly pregnant in public in the months that followed, most notably at the Woodstock Festival, where she performed a handful of songs in the early morning. The documentary film Carry It On was produced during this period and was released in 1970. The film's behind-the-scenes looks at Harris's views and arrest and Baez on her subsequent performance tour was positively reviewed in Time magazine and The New York Times.

Among the songs Baez wrote about this period of her life are "A Song for David", "Myths", "Prison Trilogy (Billy Rose)" and "Fifteen Months" (the amount of time Harris was imprisoned).

Their son Gabriel was born on December 2, 1969. Harris was released from Texas prison after 15 months, but they separated three months after his release and the couple divorced amicably in 1973. They shared custody of Gabriel, who lived primarily with Baez. Explaining the split, Baez wrote in her autobiography: "I am made to live alone." Baez and Harris remained on friendly terms throughout the years; they reunited on-camera for the 2009 American Masters documentary for the USA's PBS. Their son Gabriel is a drummer and occasionally tours with his mother. He has a daughter Jasmine who also sang with Joan Baez at Kidztock in 2010.

Steve Jobs

Baez dated Apple Computer cofounder Steve Jobs during the early 1980s. A number of sources have stated that Jobs—then in his mid twenties—had considered asking Baez to marry him, except that her age at the time (early 40s) made the possibility of their having children unlikely. Baez mentioned Jobs in the acknowledgments in her 1987 memoir And a Voice to Sing With and performed at the memorial for him in 2011. After Jobs's death, Baez spoke fondly about him, stating that even after the relationship had ended, the two remained friends, with Jobs having visited Baez shortly before his death, and stating that "Steve had a very sweet side, even if he was as... erratic as he was famous for being. But he gets genius licence for that, because he was somebody who changed the world."

2000s–2010s

Baez is a resident of Woodside, California, where she lived with her mother until the latter's death in 2013. She has said that her house has a backyard tree house in which she spends time meditating, writing, and "being close to nature". She remained close to her younger sister Mimi up until Mimi's death in 2001, and mentioned in the 2009 American Masters documentary about her life that she had grown closer to her older sister Pauline in later years.

Since stepping down from the stage, she has devoted herself to portraiture.

In popular culture

  • Cartoonist Al Capp, creator of the comic strip Li'l Abner, satirized Baez as "Joanie Phoanie" during the 1960s. Capp's satirized Joanie was an unabashed communist radical who sang songs of class warfare while hypocritically traveling in a limousine and charging outrageous performance fees to impoverished orphans. Capp had this character singing bizarre songs such as "A Tale of Bagels and Bacon" and "Molotov Cocktails for Two". Although Baez was upset by the parody in 1966, she admits to being more amused in recent years. "I wish I could have laughed at this at the time", she wrote in a caption under one of the strips, reprinted in her autobiography. "Mr. Capp confused me considerably. I'm sorry he's not alive to read this, it would make him chuckle." Capp stated at the time: "Joanie Phoanie is a repulsive, egomaniacal, un-American, non-taxpaying horror, I see no resemblance to Joan Baez whatsoever, but if Miss Baez wants to prove it, let her."
  • Baez's serious persona was parodied several times on the American variety show Saturday Night Live in impersonations by Nora Dunn, notably in the 1986 mock game show Make Joan Baez Laugh.

Discography

  • Folksingers 'Round Harvard Square (1959)
  • Joan Baez (1960)
  • Joan Baez, Vol. 2 (1961)
  • Joan Baez in Concert (1962)
  • Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2 (1963)
  • Joan Baez/5 (1964)
  • Farewell, Angelina (1965)
  • Noël (1966)
  • Joan (1967)
  • Baptism: A Journey Through Our Time (1968)
  • Any Day Now (1968)
  • David's Album (1969)
  • One Day at a Time (1970)
  • Sacco & Vanzetti (1971)
  • Carry It On (1971)
  • Blessed Are... (1971)
  • Come from the Shadows (1972)
  • Where Are You Now, My Son? (1973)
  • Gracias a la Vida (1974)
  • Diamonds & Rust (1975)
  • Gulf Winds (1976)
  • Blowin' Away (1977)
  • Honest Lullaby (1979)
  • Recently (1987)
  • Diamonds & Rust in the Bullring (1988)
  • Speaking of Dreams (1989)
  • Play Me Backwards (1992)
  • Gone from Danger (1997)
  • Dark Chords on a Big Guitar (2003)
  • Day After Tomorrow (2008)
  • Whistle Down the Wind (2018)

Filmography

  • The March on Washington (1963)
  • The March (1964)
  • The Big T.N.T. Show (1966)
  • Dont Look Back (1967)
  • Festival (1967)
  • Woodstock (1970)
  • Carry It On (1970)
  • Woody Guthrie All-Star Tribute Concert (1970)
  • Celebration at Big Sur (1971)
  • Dynamite Chicken (1971)
  • Earl Scruggs: The Bluegrass Legend - Family & Friends (1972)
  • Sing Sing Thanksgiving (1974)
  • The Making of 'Silent Running' (1974)
  • A War is Over (1975)
  • Banjoman (1975)
  • Bob Dylan: Hard Rain TV Special (1976)
  • The Memory of Justice (1976)
  • Renaldo and Clara (1978)
  • Sag nein (1983)
  • In Our Hands (1984)
  • Woody Guthrie: Hard Travelin' (1984)
  • Live Aid (1985)
  • In Remembrance of Martin (1986)
  • We Shall Overcome (1989)
  • Woodstock: The Lost Performances (1990)
  • Kris Kristofferson: His Life and Work (1993)
  • Life and Times of Allen Ginsberg (1993)
  • Woodstock Diary (1994)
  • A Century of Women (1994)
  • The History of Rock 'n' Roll (1995)
  • Rock & Roll (1995)
  • Message to Love: Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (1996)
  • Tree Sit: The Art of Resistance (2001)
  • Smothered: The Censorship Struggles of The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour (2002)
  • Soundstage: Joan Baez, Gillian Welch and Nickel Creek (2004)
  • Fahrenheit 9/11: A Movement in Time (2004)
  • Words and Music in Honor of Fahrenheit 9/11 (2005)
  • The Carter Family: Will the Circle Be Unbroken (2005)
  • No Direction Home (2005)
  • Captain Mike Across America (2007)
  • Pete Seeger: The Power of Song (2007)
  • 65 Revisited (2007)
  • The Other Side of the Mirror (2007)
  • South Central Farm: Oasis in a Concrete Desert. (2008)
  • Fierce Light: When Spirit Meets Action (2008)
  • The Power of Their Song: The Untold Story of Latin America's New Song Movement (2008)
  • Joan Baez: How Sweet the Sound (2009)
  • Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Activist and Rebel (2009)
  • Leonard Cohen: Live at the Isle of Wight 1970 (2009)
  • Welcome to Eden (2009)
  • In Performance at the White House: A Celebration of Music from the Civil Rights Movement (2010)
  • Phil Ochs: There but for Fortune (2010)
  • Save the Farm (2011)
  • For the Love of the Music: The Club 47 Folk Revival (2012)
  • The March (2013)
  • Another Day, Another Time: Celebrating the Music of 'Inside Llewyn Davis' (2014)
  • The Stars Behind the Iron Curtain (2014)
  • Sharon Isbin: Troubadour (2014)
  • Snapshots from the Tour (2015)
  • Taylor Swift: The 1989 World Tour Live (2015)
  • Joan Baez: Rebel Icon (2015)
  • King in the Wilderness (2018)
  • Hugh Hefner's After Dark: Speaking Out in America (2018)
  • Don't Get Trouble In Your Mind: The Carolina Chocolate Drops' Story (2019)
  • Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese (2019)
  • Woodstock (2019)

 


  1. Joan Chandos Baez (1941 – vivente), cantautrice e attivista statunitense.

    • Andare a trovare Julia Butterfly è stata una delle esperienze più straordinarie della mia vita.
    • [Canzone dedicata a Madonna] Che cosa ti accadrà bambina quando la luce dei riflettori si spegnerà... Per ora canta e balla, ma ricordati, che un giorno i tuoi seni troveranno uno scopo più terreno da raggiungere.
    • L'Azione è l'antidoto della disperazione.
    • Vi rendo omaggio Nicola e Bart | Riposate per sempre qui nei nostri cuori | Il momento estremo e finale è vostro | Quell'agonia è il vostro trionfo!
    Here's to you Nicola and Bart | Rest forever here in our hearts | The last and final moment is yours | That agony is your triumph!

    Note


  2. Citato in Julia Butterfly Hill, La ragazza sull'albero, traduzione di Elisa Frontori, Corbaccio, Milano, 2000, quarta di copertina. ISBN 88-7972-435-5

  3. Da Una voce per cantare; citato in La storia di Madonna, Forte Editore, cap. XIII, p. 344.

  4. Citato in Selezione dal Reader's Digest, ottobre 1997.

  5. Da Here's to You, scritta con Ennio Morricone.

 


  • The only thing that's been a worse flop than the organization of nonviolence has been the organization of violence.
    • Daybreak (1968)
  • You don't get to choose how you're going to die. Or when. You can only decide how you're going to live. Now.
    • Daybreak (1968)
    • Variant or paraphrase: You can't decide how you're going to die. Or when. What you can decide is how you're going to live now.
  • I went to jail for 11 days for disturbing the peace; I was trying to disturb the war.
    • Pop Chronicles, Show 19 - Blowin' in the Wind: Pop discovers folk music, interview recorded December 3, 1967
  • Some Vietnam veterans have told me what they did over there when they were animals. They have been giving testimony about it to the public, to juries, to judges. Some of the juries cry, and so do some of the judges.
    One Ex-Marine has a face like a Puerto Rican angel and a body count of 390. That means he and his unit killed 390 people in a variety of hideous ways, and the angel got to go count the dead bodies for the record.
    And now he and a lot of his buddies are trying to make up for what we made them do. We paid the taxes that bought the war that hired the men and dropped the fire that burned the huts and killed the people who then were the bodies that Scott counted. It's a rotten thing to brainwash someone into doing the dirty part of killing while we stay at home. It's a rotten thing to pretend the war is coming to an end when it's only taken to the air. And in 1972 if you don't fight against a rotten thing you become a part of it.
    What I'm asking you to do is take some risks. Stop paying war taxes, refuse the armed forces, organize against the air war, support the strikes and boycotts of farmers, workers and poor people, analyze the flag salute, give up the nation state, share your money, refuse to hate, be willing to work … in short, sisters and brothers, arm up with love and come from the shadows.
    • Text notes on Come From The Shadows (1972)


  • If we survive this century it will only be because you and I refuse to become Nazis.
    • Joan Baez, SF Chronicle, 16 January 1973, reprinted as the epigraph of the book Bohemia: the protoculture then and now by Richard Miller (Nelson-Hall, Chicago, 1977)
  • All of us alive are survivors, but how many of us transcend survival?
    • And A Voice to Sing With : A Memoir (2012), p. 322
  • Bangladesh, Bangladesh
    When the sun sinks in the west
    Die a million people of the Bangladesh
    • Joan Baez, in the Song for Bangladesh (1971)

Sacco e Vanzetti (1971)

 Lyrics for songs written for the film; the music for the songs composed by Ennio Morricone.

  • Blessed are the persecuted
    And blessed are the pure in heart
    Blessed are the merciful
    And blessed are the ones who mourn
    • "The Ballad of Sacco and Vanzetti, Part One"
  • Against us is the law
    With its immensity of strength and power
    Against us is the law!
    Police know how to make a man
    A guilty or an innocent
    Against us is the power of police!
    The shameless lies that men have told
    Will ever more be paid in gold
    Against us is the power of the gold!
    Against us is racial hatred
    And the simple fact that we are poor

    My father dear, I am a prisoner
    Don't be ashamed to tell my crime
    The crime of love and brotherhood
    And only silence is shame

    • "The Ballad of Sacco and Vanzetti, Part Two"
  • Rebellion, revolution don't need dollars
    They need this instead
    Imagination, suffering, light and love
    And care for every human being
    You never steal, you never kill
    You are a part of hope and life
    The revolution goes from man to man
    And heart to heart
    And I sense when I look at the stars
    That we are children of life
    Death is small
    • "The Ballad of Sacco and Vanzetti, Part Two"
  • Yes, your father and Bartolo
    They have fallen
    And yesterday they fought and fell
    But in the quest for joy and freedom
    And in the struggle of this life you'll find
    That there is love and sometimes more
    Yes, in the struggle you will find
    That you can love and be loved also

    Forgive me all who are my friends
    I am with you
    I beg of you, do not cry

    • "The Ballad of Sacco and Vanzetti, Part Three"
  • Here's to you, Nicola and Bart
    Rest forever here in our hearts
    The last and final moment is yours
    That agony is your triumph
    • Here's to You

 

Diamonds & Rust (1975)

 

  • We both know what memories can bring
    They bring diamonds and rust
    • Diamonds & Rust
  • Well you burst on the scene
    Already a legend
    The unwashed phenomenon
    The original vagabond
    You strayed into my arms
    And there you stayed
    Temporarily lost at sea
    The Madonna was yours for free
    Yes the girl on the half-shell
    Would keep you unharmed
    • Diamonds & Rust
  • Now you're telling me
    You're not nostalgic
    Then give me another word for it
    You who are so good with words
    And at keeping things vague
    Because I need some of that vagueness now
    It's all come back too clearly
    Yes I loved you dearly
    And if you're offering me diamonds and rust
    I've already paid
    • Diamonds & Rust

Gulf Winds (1976)

  • Miracles bowl me over
    And often will they do so
    Now I think I was asleep till I heard
    The voice of the great Caruso

    Bring infinity home
    Let me embrace it one more time
    Make it the lilies of the field
    Or Caruso in his prime

    • Caruso
  • With the precision of a hummingbird's heart
    Was the lord of the monarch butterflies
    One-time ruler of the world of art
    • Caruso
  • True he was a vocal miracle
    But that's only secondary
    It's the soul of the monarch butterfly
    That I find a little bit scary
    • Caruso
  • Perhaps he's just a vehicle
    To bear us to the hills of Truth
    That's Truth spelled with a great big T
    And peddled in the mystic's booth
    There are oh so many miracles
    That the western sky exposes
    Why go looking for lilacs
    When you're lying in a bed of roses?
    • Caruso

Children of the 80's (1980)


  • We're the children of the 80's, haven't we grown
    We're tender as a lotus and we're tougher than stone
    And the age of our innocence is somewhere in the garden
  • Some of us may offer a surprise
    Recently have you looked in our eyes
    Maybe we're your conscience in disguise
  • We are the warriors of the sun
    The golden boys and the golden girls
    For a better world

Quotes about Baez

  • Oh, and I'd be remiss if I didn't mention Joan Baez. She was the queen of folk music then and now. She took a liking to my songs and brought me with her to play concerts, where she had crowds of thousands of people enthralled with her beauty and voice.
    People would say, "What are you doing with that ragtag scrubby little waif?" And she'd tell everybody in no uncertain terms, "Now you better be quiet and listen to the songs." We even played a few of them together. Joan Baez is as tough-minded as they come. Love. And she's a free, independent spirit. Nobody can tell her what to do if she doesn't want to do it. I learned a lot of things from her. A woman with devastating honesty. And for her kind of love and devotion, I could never pay that back.
    • Bob Dylan, Grammys 2015: Bob Dylan's MusiCares Person of Year speech (7 February 2015)
  • She was something else, almost too much to take. Her voice was like that of a siren from off some Greek island. Just the sound of it could put you into a spell. She was an enchantress. You'd have to get yourself strapped to the mast like Odysseus and plug up your ears so you wouldn't hear her. She'd make you forget who you were.
    • Bob Dylan, Q&A with Bill Flanagan (22 March 2017)

 

Joan Baez: Any day now
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Joan Baez -- David's Album (1969)
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196 visualizzazioni 3 mesi fa

 

Joan Baez - Blessed Are... (Studio album, 1971)
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Joan Baez - setlist at Woodstock
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